General Research Corp., McLean, VA, Operations Analysis Div, 1973. — 68 p. This brochure briefly describes the nature, scope, interrelations, and applications of the family of ground combat analysis models under continuous development by the Gaming and Simulations Department of the General Research Corporation Operations Analysis Division. Several of these models were...
Logistics Management Inst., Bethesda, MD, 1981. — 25 p. The Sortie-Generation Model System provides the capability for relating aircraft spares and maintenance manpower levels to the maximal sortie- generation capability of tactical air forces over time.
Logistics Management Inst., Bethesda, MD, 1981. — 130 p. This volume, the second of six volumes, provides sufficient information to allow a user to run the Sortie-Generation Model (SGM).
Logistics Management Inst., Bethesda, MD, 1981. — 61 p. The Sortie-Generation Model System provides the capability for relating aircraft spares and maintenance manpower levels to the maximal sortie- generation capability of tactial air forces over time.
Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio: U.S. Air Force Institute of Technology (AFIT), School of Engineering, 1987. — 65 p. The primary objective of this research is to evaluate a methodology for the automation of tank allocation. The methodology proposed is a constrained transportation problem of linear programming. It is based on the concepts first proposed by Bowman who developed the...
TRW Defense And Space Systems Group, Redondo Beach, Calif, 1977. — 708 p. This user's manual describes the mathematical model contained in the Combined Arms Tactical Training Simulator (CATTS) from the viewpoint of providing the user with the necessary insight into the structure and performance of the CATTS mathematical model in support of its operational use and maintenance....
TRW Defense And Space Systems Group, Redondo Beach, Calif, 1977. — 468 p. Contents: Model description--Input/output module; Air module; Command and control module; Miscellaneous and ancillary module.
TRW Defense And Space Systems Group, Redondo Beach, Calif, 1977. — 301 p. Contents: Examples and applications--General Data Base Concepts; Data Base Modification Procedure and Examples; Appendix A-Nomenclature.
Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA, 1975. — 88 p. The thesis considers battle termination (a unit reaching its so-called 'breakpoint') in ground combat as a rational decision process. A commander's decision to break contact with an enemy force and withdraw from the battlefield is analyzed for company-size infantry units. Two approaches to terminate an engagement are...
Advancia Corp, Lawton, OK, 1999. — 452 p. Trainers for force on force training exercises at the Army's maneuver combat training centers and at home station are often distracted from coaching and mentoring responsibilities by the need to perform exercise control and feedback (OAF) functions. The fielding of new weapons and reconnaissance, surveillance, and target acquisition...
Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA, 2004. — 124 p. The Anti-Submarine Warfare screen design simulation is a program that provides a model for operations in anti-submarine warfare (ASW). The purpose of the program is to aid ASW commanders, allowing them to configure an ASW screen, including the sonar policy, convoy speed, and the number of ships, to gain insight into how...
Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA, 1984. — 135 p. This thesis provides the detailed concepts and methodology required to simulate the Corps Communications Module (CM) portion of the Air-Land Interdiction Model. The Communications Module is a closed architecture with rule-based decision making, network design, threat play, and net congestion that closely simulates the...
RAND Corp, Santa Monica, CA, 1992. — 112 p. The situational force scoring (SFS) methodology has two objectives: (1) to improve the representation of ground force close combat in aggregate combat models that use scores of one form or another to compute force ratio, attrition, and movement as a result of combat; and (2) to provide an alternative extrapolation mechanism for use in...
RAND Corp., Santa Monica, CA, 1993. — 57 p. The purpose of this high-level design document is to act as a basis of discussion between model designers, model users, and the sponsors. The purpose of the model design is to allow applications to many implementations, especially as part of an overall hierarchy of models. The purpose of the types of models in which this design is...
RAND Corp., Santa Monica, CA, 1994. — 57 p. This report presents a design for representing the key issues and operational effects of the Global Positioning System (GPS) in the theater-level combat or nonlinear combat (TLC/NLC) model, and possible in other models as well. This design should be useful to individuals interested in the design and use of space models and theater- or...
Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA, 1987. — 31 p. This Note describes a new approach to combat modeling and an application of this approach to modeling selected theaters of operation in a global model--the RAND Strategy Assessment System. There are five important features of this new approach: (1) Using the model parallels the processes involved in developing a concept of...
Cambridge, Massachusetts: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), 1985. — 43 p. This project examines and assesses the extent to which U.S. military policy has effectively interpreted and responded to the military implications of Soviet weapons innovations. It focuses on the contributions of Soviet weapons innovations to military mission performance, and also examines the...
Combined Arms Operations Research Activity, Fort Leavenworth, KS, 1983. — 210 p. This report is the second of three volumes that describe the Ammunition Resupply Model (ARM). The model was designed to simulate those activities associated with ammunition resupply. This manual contains the FORTRAN code of the ARM simulation and a description of the major event subroutines. Volume...
University of Southern California. — Los Angeles, 1988. — 209 p. Part One of this study examines critically the various assumptions, results, and concepts that exist to date in the literature and scientific community concerning the relationships among the Lanchester, Stochastic Lanchester, and the General Renewal models of combat. Many of the prevailing understandings are shown...
System Development Corp., Santa Monica, CA, 1963. — 27 p. In a previous paper the ground work was laid for a new theoretical model of combat called the stochastic duel. The principal elements of the model were fixed kill probabilities on each round fired, a random time between rounds fired and unlimited ammunition supply. This paper extends the solution to those more realistic...
University of Southern California. — Los Angeles, 1979. — 104 p. This report is approximately one half of the output of a project to exhaustively review the literature of one-on-one stochastic duels. It contains two main parts. The first is an exposition, identifying and tying together for the first time, by examples, the two principal analytical techniques used, namely;...
Institute for Defense Analyse. — Alexandria, VA, 1989. — 35 p. Shoot-look-shoot attrition generally refers to cases in which the shooting side has (or can be adequately modeled as having) sufficient coordination among its shooters that (1) it can assign any particular shooter to engage any particular target, (2) engagements occur in succession, and the shooting side can assess...
Institute for Defense Analyses. — Alexandria, VA, 1989. — 185 p. This paper describes and summarily documents a computer program called COMBAT, and it discusses in detail the methodological concepts behind that program. COMBAT is designed to investigate selected subsets of three aspects of the modeling of combat. The aspects considered are: formulas used to compute attrition in...
Institute for defense analyses, 1989, 48p. This paper describes attrition structures that (1) consider both area fire and point fire, (2) consider various levels of coordination among the shooters for both area fire and point fire, (3) allow the explicit consideration of the use of various types of munitions by various types of shooters against various types of targets for both...
Institute for defense analyses. — Alexandria, Virginia, 1991. — 223 p. This paper provides an explanation and simple numerical example for the way that (conventional) attrition to ground weapon systems is determined in the current J-8 version of the TACWAR computer model of ground and air warfare. The purpose for presenting this explanation and examples is to assist analyst in...
Institute For Defense Analyses, Alexandria, VA, Program Analysis Div, 1976. — 19 p. This paper defines two subsets of noncooperative, finite, two-person (bimatrix) games. The first subset, called antagonistic games, consists of bimatrix games in which if one player does better, the other player necessarily must do worse (where better and worse are determined by comparing the...
Institute for Defense Analyses, Alexandria, VA, 1976. — 37 p. This paper presents a new model of combat attrition between attackers and defenders. The model represents cases where the defenders are protecting a passive target and the attackers are attempting to penetrate the defenders to attack the target. A complete set of assumptions and rigorous derivations of the relevant...
Institute For Defense Analyses, Alexandria, VA, 1976. — 70 p. The purpose of this paper is to discuss some aspects of the use of MaxMin and MinMax strategies in the analysis of multi-stage games. This discussion is motivated by the development of the ACDA Tactical Air Campaign Model (ATACM). ATACM proposes the use of approximate MaxMin and MinMax strategies instead of optimal...
Institute For Defense Analyses, Alexandria, VA, 1974. — 89 p. The IDA Ground-Air Model I (IDAGAM I) is a deterministic, fullyautomated, theater-level model of non-nuclear combat between two opposing forces. Contents: Maximum number of resources and other quantities that can be played; The air-combat model; The ground-combat model; The theater-control model; Theater control at...
Monterey, California: U.S. Naval Postgraduate School, 1982. — 340 p. The model described in this paper is an aggregated, fully automated, deterministic model of combat between two opposing forces. The Blue forces in this model can consist of aircraft carriers, escort ships, submarines, sea-based attack and defensive aircraft, and land-based defensive aircraft. The Red forces in...
Monterey, California: U.S. Naval Postgraduate School, 1984. — 128 p. Generalised Lanches ter -type differential equations are used to study combat processes. This system of non-linear equations has multiple equilibrium solutions which can be determined by a numerical technique called the Continuation Method. Useful properties pertaining to neighborhood stability are derived by...
Monterey, California: Naval Postgraduate School, 2017. — 109 p. This thesis focuses on producing realistic time-space-position information (TSPI) data for moving targets as inputs for a weapon flyout model to compute the weapon Circular Error Probable (CEP) and the probability of damage. The velocity profile of the target is modeled based on the kinematic constraints for the...
Naval Institute Press, 2020. — 228 p. The Craft of Wargaming is designed to support supervisors, planners, and analysts who use wargames to support their organizations' missions. The authors focus on providing analysts and planners with a clear methodology that allows them to initiate, design, develop, conduct, and analyze wargames. Built around the analytic wargaming...
Research Analysis Corp., McLean, VA, 1972. — 164 p. SWEM Allocation Model is a mathematical optimization model which allocates strategic weapons in a two-sided nuclear exchange and provides damage results and specific allocations. The model is useful in defining levels of parity between the nuclear arsenals of two nations. Version 2 of the model expands the allocation matrix to...
Ft. Leavenworth, Kansas, 1983. — 188 p. The Deep Attack Map Exercise (DAME) is a comprehensive, computer-assisted map exercise designed to game the significant aspects of the AirLand Battle for heavy forces. Abstract Acknowledgments List of Tables List of figures Game Overview Game Operations - Initialization and Computer Processing Game Operations - Attrition Game Operations -...
School of engineering of the air force institute of Technology Air University, 2007. — 273 p. In The Art of War, Sun Tzu begins by stating: War is a matter of vital importance to the State; the province of life or death; the road to survival or ruin. It is mandatory that it be thoroughly studied. Sun Tzu follow's this opening by stating five fundamental factors a commander must...
Institute For Defense Analyses, Alexandria, VA, 1991. — 231 p. This document is a collection of information related to theater analyses with emphasis on the Tactical Warfare Model (TACWAR) ground and theater control submodels. The intended reader is a theater-level combat analyst such as a newly assigned Joint Staff officer. This briefing is intended to provide some general...
Air Force Inst of Tech Wright-Patterson AFB, OH, School of Engeineering, 1988. — 115 p. The purpose of this research was to develop a methodology to aid a decision maker in determining the optimum mix of escort and strike aircraft in a tactical strike formation. The research had four main objectives: (1) Analyze likely air combat between enemy fighter interceptors and offensive...
Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA, 1995. — 48 p. The United States military strategy is currently focusing on Major Regional Conflicts (MRCs), rather than on a single, major war. The Plural NRC Model, PaMM, is an integer programming model and solution procedure that develops deployment schedules for active duty Army combat divisions to two nearly simultaneous MRCs without...
Army Combined Arms Combat Developments Activity, Fort Leavenworth, KS, 1977. — 96 p. The 'Jiffy' war gaming process is a computer-assisted, manual war game developed and operated at the USATRADOC Combined Arms Combat Developments Activity (CACDA), Fort Leavenworth, for scenario development and force structure evaluation. The Jiffy Game computer model is a two-sided, interactive...
Army Combined Arms Combat Developments Activity, Fort Leavenworth, KANS, 1978. — 226 p. This study examined the combat effectiveness of four alternative battalion task forces in various combat scenarios. CARMONETTE was used to model the combat. The report contains a description of the four alternative organizations, a discussion of the analysis methodology used, the results of...
Snow Hydro, Fairbanks, AK, 2001. — 209 p. The purpose of this research is to develop a mathematical model which will aid the decision-makers of a moderately-sized NATO country to develop their future force structure composition. As the number of alternatives grows, and as the consequences become more important and more uncertain, the force structuring decision becomes...
General Research Corp., Santa Barbara, CA, 1984. — 150 p. This user's manual describes ENGAGE II, a deterministic simulation of an Air Interceptor vectored toward a target, detecting a target, maneuvering to attain a missile launch position, launching missiles at the target and assessing their damage, and finally maneuvering into position to fire guns at the target. The model...
Santa Monica, California: RAND Corp., 1991. — 19 p. The Operational Value of Intelligence and Electronic Warfare (OPVIEW) project is endeavoring to develop means for evaluating intelligence and electronic warfare/target acquisition (IEW/TA) systems in terms of their contribution to combat outcomes through the use of simulation. The challenge of adequately representing the...
Monterey, California: U.S. Naval Postgraduate School, 1981. — 6 p. This thesis describes the conceptual background and the main problems encountered in force-structure planning. The model structure of the "Tactical Air War Analysis Game" (TAWAG) is reviewed and improvements and enrichments are proposed. Based on experience from trying to implement this model on the computer of...
Air Force Inst Of Tech Wright-Patterson, AFB OH, School Of Engineering, 1983. — 91 p. An unclassified computer model was developed for first order evaluation of deep space Anti-satellite (ASAT) targeting error assignments. Two independent error sources are modeled. With deep space tracking accuracies on the order of kilometers, there is uncertainty in the exact target position....
Institute for defense analyses. — Alexandria, Virginia, 1991. — 179 p. It has long been established that terrain significantly influences the way armed forces conduct combat. In order to best plan future U.S. force structure and weapon system acquisition, military planners must understand fully the influence of the environments in which those forces and weapon systems will...
Army Combined Arms Combat Developments Activity, Fort Leavenworth, KS, 1979. — 36 p. This technical paper presents modifications to the methodology concerning delay imposed on ground forces due to interdiction air strikes as presented in CACDA TP 3-79. That paper presented the rationale underlying the development of a new delay methodology for TALON. The methodology involves...
Shrivenham, United Kingdom: Royal Military College of Science (RMCS), 1987. — 9 p. This is the third interim report on the study investigating the feasibility of modelling battalion level combat as a series of minibattles. The current interest in network battle modelling arose from the analysis of the trial 'Chinese Eye III ', A, B. The objective of the current investigation is...
Army Concepts Analysis Agency, Bethesda, MD, 1989. — 103 p. The TAME report describes a general approach for assessing target unit acquisition in a tactical nuclear scenario, given well-defined input functions representing acquisition and retention conditioned on environment and elapsing time. Input functions suitable for constructing an operational program to execute the...
Monterey, California: U.S. Naval Postgraduate School, 1990. — 152 p. This thesis describes the development and validation of a naval battle model which incorporates a tactical theory by Captain Wayne P. Hughes, Jr. Opposing forces are portrayed as aggregations of the staying power and combat power of their individual platforms. Attrition is modeled as a force-on- force process...
Maxwell AFB, Alabama: Air University, Air Force Institute of Technology (AFIT), School of engineering, 1998. — 93 p. In times of ever-tightening military budgets, methodologies are required that can compare the contributions of various systems involved in the warfighting process. While many tools are in use that directly measure the effects of greater numbers of enhanced...
Santa Monica, CA: RAND Corp., 1994. — 234 p. The Joint Integrated Contingency Model (JlCM) is a global war gaming and analysis system that focuses on conflict from major regional contingencies through strategic warfare. JICM is an outgrowth of the former RAND Strategy Assessment System (RSAS), engineered explicitly to address post-Cold War conflict issues. JICM has been...
RAND Corp. Santa Monica, CA, 1988. — 84 p. This Note provides an overview of the main theater warfare model developed for the RAND Strategy Assessment System (RSAS) in its effort to define new analytic methods based on the structure of global political-military war gaming. This model covers land and air combat in Central Europe and Korea; a separately documented model covers...
Air Force Weapons Lab Kirtland AFB NM, 1974. — 177 p. An advanced computer model has been developed to study the effects of a sea-launched ballistic missile (SLBM) attack on targets consisting of a flushing aircraft force. The AFWL code is believed to be the only one possessing all of the following features: (1) the determination of the SLBM laydown against a mixed aircraft...
Air force institute of technology, Wright-Patterson, AFB OH, 1992. — 189 p. This thesis describes a method for spatially partitioning a battlefield into units known as sectors to achieve speedup two ways: through the reduction of each battlefield object's next event search space, and lowering the amount of message-passing required. Each sector is responsible for tracking and...
Institute for defense analyses. — Alexandria, Virginia, 1991. — 297 p. This paper develops, tests and applies a systematic theory relating force to space ratios and conventional combat outcomes, and describes a simple PC-level computer model developed to automate the calculations associated with that theory. The paper is intended in part to illuminate policy issues relating to...
Santa Monica, CA: RAND Corp., 2003. — 79 p. Over the past decade, the authors and their colleagues have done considerable theoretical and applied work involving multiresolution, multiperspective modeling (MRMPM) and exploratory analysis, in part to connect the worlds of strategic planning (e.g., development of the defense guidance and defense programs) with the world of...
Technical report. — Monterey, CA: Naval Postgraduate School Monterey, 1979. Lanchester (1914) presented his original combat model between two forces in a deterministic framework. Here, it is shown how the underlying state probabilities of a stochastic analogue of Lanchester's model can be calculated.
Technical report. — Monterey, CA: Naval Postgraduate School Monterey, 1979. There has been a lot of activity in recent years on the study of Lanchester-type combat models especially from a deterministic standpoint. We consider some of these models in a stochastic framework and indicate how the appropriate deterministic model can be recast stochastically. Techniques for obtaining...
Defense Intelligence Agency, Washington DC, Deputy Director For Intelligence, 1974. — 102 p. This document presents in detail the mathematics of selected portions of the Defense Intelligence Agency publication AP-550-1-2-69-INT, 'Physical Vulnerability Handbook - Nuclear Weapons (U),' 1 June 1969. The appendices present the logic flow, necessary equations and constants needed...
Air Force Inst Of Tech Wright-Patterson, AFB, OH, School Of Engineering, 1986. — 81 p. This research investigates the feasibility of describing the threat potential at a point in a specified air defense zone as a function of position and time while stipulating that the function is a solution to a partial differential equation. The mission, the aircraft, and the hostility of the...
Gainesville: Florida Univ Dept Of Industrial And Systems Engineering, 1985. — 70 p. For the three-parameter Carleton damage function, the techniques of linear and non-linear regression are used to estimate the three parameters as well as their variance - covariance matrix. The computational aspect of the estimation is discussed, including language, program and subroutine. 13...
Science Applications Inc., Englewood Co., 1976. — 77 p. This Technical Memorandum provides a macro-level description of the methodology implemented in UNICORN, an optimal weapon allocation computer model. The memorandum provides a discussion of the key UNICORN concepts and, where appropriate, the mathematical development of certain concepts used in the model. This document is...
Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA, 1996. — 66 p. The FORECAS ground casualty projection tool was designed to forecast the numbers of wounded and killed likely to be incurred among Marines and originally based its casualty estimates on those observed in previous combat operations. Adversary-specific adjustments to the casualty projections were required, however, to reflect...
Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA, 2009. — 74 p. When groups of platforms, sensors, and weapons are able to communicate with each other in real-time, they form a network. Modern warfare increasingly involves network-centric operations, the military strategy that seeks to translate informational advantages gained through the cooperation of all platforms in the network into...
Monterey, California: U.S. Naval Postgraduate School, 1999. — 124 p. The U.S. Army has fielded a wide range of simulations for tactical units. The purpose of these simulations range from training individual skills to collective training for corps staffs. Currently fielded simulations are not designed for operational use. Most are operated by contract civilian personnel and...
Kirtland AFB, NM: Directorate Of Aerospace Studies, 1980. — 84 p. This paper presents a new methodology for assessing the performance of area defense weapon systems against airbreathing strategic threats. The methodology is probabilistic rather than simulative. It intertwines surveillance sensor, interceptor, and command, control and communication network. Furthermore, it...
Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio: U.S. Air Force Institute of Technology (AFIT), School of Engineering, 1985. — 259 p. This thesis details the development of the Air Defense War Game Support Microcomputer Program, which provides one-on-one probabilities of engagement and kill for a variety of forward-area air defense systems against different types of aircraft. Each air defense...
The University of Michigan, 1970. — 639 p. This report describes research effort to develop analytical methods of defense processes, principally the combat process. The basic structure and underlying assumptions of generalized differential models of combat are presented. Research on methods to predict input attrition coefficients (comprised of attrition rates, allocation...
Systems research laboratory department of industrial engineering. — The University of Michigan, 1970. — 642 p. The report describes research effort to develop analytical methods of defense processes, principally the combat process. The basic structure and underlying assumptions of generalized differential models of combat are presented. Research on methods to predict input...
Basel: Birkhäuser, 2003. — viii, 420 p. — ISBN 978-3-0348-8093-0, 978-3-7643-1634-1. Mathematics has for centuries been stimulated, financed and credited by military purposes. Some mathematical thoughts and mathematical technology have also been vital in war. During World War II mathematical work by the Anti-Hitler coalition was part of an aspiration to serve humanity and not...
Basel: Birkhäuser, 2003. — 417 p. In this moment of writing, the whole world is waiting for an announced war; at the moment of reading, there is scarce hope the war will not have taken place or be still in course. This is the raison d'être of the present volume. "Mathematics and war" may seem a peculiar topic when war seems so much more important than mathematics. Importance,...
Army Command and General Staff Coll, Fort Leavenworth, KS, School of Advanced Military Studies, 1995. — 65 p. Two future-oriented publications of the U.S. Army Training and Doctrine Command, Pamphlet 525-5, Force XXI Operations: A Concept for the Evolution of Full-Dimensional Operations for the Strategic Army of the Early Twenty-First Century, and a draft FM 100-6, Information...
DSTO Aeronautical and Maritime Research Laboratory, Melbourne Victoria, Australia, 2004. — 70 p. An initial investigation of the nature of future close combat derived and tested two possible enduring mechanisms for the conduct of close combat - attrition and suppression. A suite of analytical tools, including closed simulations, wargames, mathematical analysis and historical...
Air Force Inst Of Tech Wright-Patterson, AFB OH, School Of Engineering, 1995. — 65 p. This thesis describes the development of a methodology to explicitly model corps artillery assets in the Joint Staff's Joint Stochastic Analysis Research (J-STOCHWAR) and to quantify Army doctrine that guides organization of artillery for combat. The methodology incorporates corps artillery...
Institute For Defense Analyses, Alexandria, VA, 1985. — 54 p. The problem is to protect a set of T identical targets that may come under attack by A identical weapons. The targets are to be defended by D identical interceptors, which must be preallocated to defend selected targets. The attacker is aware of the number of interceptors, but is ignorant of their allocation. The...
Institute For Defense Analyses, Alexandria, VA, Program Analysis Div, 1983. — 50 p. Verification of arms control agreements could be facilitated by deploying ICBMs in a number of identical areas, one or more of which could be chosen for inspection. The paper treats the attack and defense of ICBMs deceptively based and defended by interceptors. A given number of interceptors can...
Alexandria, Virginia: Institute for Defense Analyses, Program Analysis Division, 1973. — 25 p. The paper formulates models of defense problems which are convex programs having the mathematical properties treated in previous papers. The models include several strategic forces planning models and two general purpose forces planning models.
Army Concepts Analysis Agency, Bethesda, MD, 1989. — 35 p. A model for concentrating initial and subsequent ground and air forces in main-thrust sectors is developed. Timing of subsequent ground force reinforcements is then modeled. Finally, air defenses are included. These factors significantly influence force concentration outcomes. A FORTRAN program and sample results are...
Institute For Defense Analyses, Alexandria, VA, 1986. — 100 p. The Monte Carlo Layered Defense Model includes boost-phase defense, midcourse defense and terminal defense. It accounts for every offensive missile, RV, heavy decoy and light decoy. For near-perfect defense of a value target data base, the accounting for each RV through the succession of layers is critical, since it...
Institute For Defense Analyses, Alexandria, VA, 1982. — 36 p. Cost-effectiveness tradeoffs among missiles, silos or shelters, exoatmospheric interceptors and endoatmospheric interceptors are explored. Symmetric U.S. and Soviet force structures are treated, as well as U.S. options against Soviet force structures similar to the current one. The effects of exoatmospheric...
Institute for defense analysis, Arlington, VA, 1980. — 215 p. This report recommends improvements to the process of planning for sustainability of ground, air and naval forces. The methodologies used by the Services for analyzing warfare and deriving requirements for munitions and war reserve equipment are reviewed, and improvements are suggested in many areas. The report...
Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA, 1986. — 178 p. The Robust Preallocated Preferential Defense Model (RPPDM) treats the problem of protecting a specified number of targets, which may be identical or different, from attack by a number of weapons which may vary within a specified range. The targets are defended by a specified number of interceptors. The attacker is aware of...
Institute For Defense Analyses, Alexandria, VA, 1986. — 47 p. The problem is to protect a set of t targets by n perfect interceptors against an attack by m perfect weapons. If the defender solves for an optimal preallocated preferential defense and associated game value assuming m1 attackers, and the attacker knows the assumption of the defender and utilized m2 attackers, he...
Aeronautical Research Labs, Melbourne, (Australia), 1992. — 34 p. A probabilistic assessment of single-ship air-defence effectiveness against an attack by a stream or wave of anti-ship capable missiles (ASCMs) has been conducted for ships fitted with a mix of either ’hard kill or 'hard kill!soft kill' weapons systems. Results are expressed in terms of the probability of a ship...
Monterey, California; Naval Postgraduate School, 1971. — 44 pp. Four Lanchester-type models are examined to investigate the hypothetical attrition process in skirmishes between ground forces. Analytic solutions are developed to Lanchester-type equations of warfare for combat between two homogeneous forces in the following circumstances: (1) linear-law attrition process, (2)...
Monterey, California: U.S. Naval Postgraduate School, 1964. — 116 p. The information presented in this review has been gathered from many sources and not without assistance. I wish to express ny indebtedness to CDR Sherman W . Blandin, Jr., SC, USN for his guidance in formulating the problem and for his excellent advice, without which I would have been unable to have developed...
Military Academy West Point, NY, 1995. — 158 p. A hybrid analytical/simulation model is developed to represent and solve the problem of mass tactical airborne operations in an efficient manner. The net result of the hybrid model is an application enabling users to properly load aircraft according to the mission and user specifications. The first portion is a mathematical model...
Monterey, California: U.S. Naval Postgraduate School, 1976. — 139 p. As a result of the 1973 Mideast var, the current emphasis en properly portraying combat interactions and analyzing the appropriate Measures of Effectiveness has become increasingly important, especially in regard to fire support operations. This thesis will examine some of the reasons for the increased...
Monterey, California: Naval Postgraduate School, 2002. — 33 p. The Fast Theater Model (FATHM) is an aggregated joint theater combat model that fuses Air Force Air-to-Ground attack sortie optimization with Ground-to-Ground deterministic Lanchester fire-exchange battles using attrition rates derived from the Army's COSAGE model. The modeled FATHM war is conducted in short...
Monterey, California: Naval Postgraduate School, 2005. — 20 p. We describe JOINT DEFENDER, a new two-sided optimization model for planning the pre-positioning of defensive missile interceptors to counter an attack threat. In our basic model, a defender pre-positions ballistic missile defense platforms to minimize the worst-case damage an attacker can achieve; we assume that the...
Monterey, California: Naval Postgraduate School, 2000. — 150 p. War is a human phenomenon and the essence of war is a clash between human wills Ref. 10. The Marine Corps is applying complexity theory to study the human dimension of land warfare with the agent based combat simulation Irreducible Semi-Autonomous Adaptive Combat (ISAAC), developed by Andrew Ilachinski. ISAAC is...
Operations Research Office, The Johns Hopkins University, Chevy Chase, Maryland, VA, 1955. — 30 p. This is a working paper of a consultant to the Strategic Division corcerned with ORO Study No. 31.4. It is the objective of the study to present a treatment of stochastic attrition processes by means of differential equa tions, difference equations, functional equations, and...
China Lake, CA: Naval Weapons Center, 1974. — 72 p. This report presents the effect, on the probability of kill, of decreasing the minimum release interval for sticks of Mk 82, 83, and 84 low-drag bombs. The effectiveness of a reduced minimum release interval is discussed as related to aiming error, quantity and type of bombs in the stick, and pairs versus singles releases.
IIT Research Institute/DMSTTIAC, Chicago, IL, 1995, 574 pages Part 1. Homogeneous Lanchester attrition theory? history? other attrition theories, and stuff 0. Introduction 1. Definitions and background 2. Literature review 1 3. Mathematical theory 1; fundamental solutions of the Lanchester attrition differential equations 4. Assumptions and solutions 5. The Ironman analysis 6....
IIT Research Institute/DMSTTIAC, Chicago, IL, 1996, 102 pages Part 3. Heterogeneous Lanchester attrition theory - fire allocation and theory of aggregation 35. Heterogeneous force attrition differential equations 36. Fire allocation 37. Basic eigenmath 38. Formal aggregation 39. Aggregation for simulation 40. Heterogeneous stochastic Lanchester and other aggregations
IIT Research Institute/DMSTTIAC, Chicago, IL, 1996, 266 pages Part 2: Conjugate theory to Lanchester attrition theory 22. Bonder-Farrell theory 23. Terrain and weather 24. Optics 1 25. Optics 2 26. Sensors 27. Search 28. Detection 29. Search and detection 30. Weapon 1 31. Weapon 2 32. The statistical mechanics of processes 33. Modern attrition functionality 34. Modern attrition...
Army Research Lab Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD, 1995. — 85 p. This report describes a stochastic simulation of combat between Army weapon systems. It is oriented toward those who are interested in using the model to perform studies of the combat effectiveness of weapon systems and their subsystems and toward those who are interested in extending the model. The model was designed...
Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland: Army Ballistic Research Lab., 1990. — 90 p. This report documents small Fortran 77 routines which are useful to those interested in ballistics and related work. The programs include skeletal combat models, a set of discrete-event timing routines, mathematical and statistical routines, hit probability routines, acquisition routines, ballistic...
US Army Research Laboratory Aberdeen Proving Ground MD United States, 1980. — 15 p. This report describes a computerized Monte-Carlo model of combat between as many as 20 armored vehicles. It gives general information at the management level rather than going into details of the model. The model includes the simulation of these features: individual round or burst firing;...
US Army Research Laboratory Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD, United States, 1993. — 66 p. Tank Wars II: The Sustained Combat Model is a computer simulation of sequential engagements between mechanized combatants. DOD agencies and their contractors use it to evaluate the combat effectiveness of tanks and other fighting vehicles as well as subsystem improvements. This report explains...
US Army Research Laboratory Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD, United States, 1985. — 23 p. This report documents a program for finding whether a shot will hit an irregularly shaped target. The program uses the projectile velocity and speed and the coordinates of the target's corners to determine whether the target was hit. If desired, the program will tell which faces of the target...
Army Ballistic Research Lab, Aberdeen, Proving Ground, MD,, 1991. — 164 p. This report describes a stochastic simulation of combat between armored combat systems and is oriented toward those who are interested in modifying, debugging, or correcting the model. The model is routinely used at the Ballistic Research Laboratory, other military installation, and by contractors to...
Titan Systems Inc. La Jolla, CA, 1988. — 138 p. This report documents an improved version of the Adaptive Maneuvering Logic (AML) program for air-combat maneuvering. The document details the modifications and improvements incorporated into the AML program.
Arlington, Virginia: Lambda Corp., 1972. — 22 p. The paper describes a model of naval combat which produces an assessment of damage to the combatants as a function of their respective force mixes. Both sides in the combat are permitted a number of force types, and the model works for a variety of combat scenarios. The model is sufficiently general to be of value in studies in...
Monterey, California: U.S. Naval Postgraduate School, 1979. — 271 p. This thesis presents a stochastic simulation model of ground to air and air to ground combat within the combined arms ground combat environment. The tactics represented, model capabilities and input requirements are explained in detail. A simulated battle is presented with a detailed explanation of the output...
Georgia Inst Of Tech, Atlanta, Engineering Experiment Station, 1982. — 53 p. This research was directed at developing and demonstrating a type methodology which can provide a measure of effectiveness for the communication system embedded in the Patriot Air Defense System. The methodology developed is probabilistic in nature and is based on the fact that communications can be...
CACI Inc-Federal, Arlington, VA, 1980. — 211 p. This document is a manual designed to provide detailed internal information about the Divisional Electronic Warfare Combat (DEWCOM) computer simulation model, enabling an experienced programmer/analyst to maintain the model and to implement future extensions to it. The DEWCOM Model is a two-sided stochastic combat simulation model...
CACI Inc-Federal, Arlington, VA, 1980. — 18 p. This document is a manual designed to summarize the operational features of the Divisional Electronic Warfare Combat (DEWCOM) computer simulation model. The manual was prepared by C.A.C.I., Inc.-Federal under contract to the US Army Concepts Analysis Agency. The DEWCOM Model is a two-sided stochastic combat simulation model which...
Monterey, California: Naval Postgraduate School, 2008. — 81 p. Contemporary military campaigns increasingly count on the use of air power. Suppression of enemy air defenses (SEAD) operations have been a crucial element of military air power for 50 years. Several developments and evolution in both air defense and attack systems suggest that SEAD missions will continue to have...
Systems Science And Software Inc., Falls Church, VA, Washington Research Center, 1978. — 131 p. The study reviewed the accuracy of nuclear weapon effects data and algorithms used by the IDA TACWAR theater warfare simulation computer model to make damage evaluations. The report describes areas where improvements in specifying the nuclear explosion-generated effects--nuclear...
Naval Postgraduate School. — Monterey, California, 1990. — 71 p. This thesis presents a detailed study of the fundamentals of modern naval surface missile combat and, thought the vehicles of combat modeling, simulation, and quantitative analysis, describes a method of evaluating tactics. It establishes three basic laws of naval combat, test the theory that undergirds the laws...
Naval Postgraduate School. — Monterey, California, 1980. — 126 p. This thesis analyzes current U.S. Army defensive doctrine of committing a force forward of the main battle area as a covering force. It presents a theory for the correct assessment of covering force effectiveness and the applicability of Lanchester-type models to represent this tactic is demonstrated. Several...
Monterey, California: U.S. Naval Postgraduate School, 1980. — 270 p. This thesis presents a stochastic simulation model of dismounted infantry combat that is designed to be used in conjunction with the Simulation of Tactical Alternative Responses (STAR) combat model. The tactics modelled, the assumptions made, and the Interface requirements are detailed, with the computer code...
Monterey, California: Naval Postgraduate School, 1980. — 277 p. This thesis presents a stochastic simulation model of dismounted infantry combat that is designed to be used in conjunction with the Simulation of Tactical Alternative Responses (STAR) combat model. The tactics modelled, the assumptions made, and the interface requirements are detailed, with the computer code that...
Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA, 1976. — 58 p. This thesis evaluates the so-called Liouville-Green approximation to the solution of variable-coefficient Lanchester-type equations for combat between two homogeneous forces. When compared to the form of the exact solutions, this approximation is in terms of 'elementary' functions. Two specific forms of attrition-rate...
Boston, Massachusetts: Boston University, Dept. of Manufacturing Engineering, 1999. — 127 p. This report summarizes the work performed for Real Time Simulation Technologies for Complex Systems. The objective of the effort was to develop and study three novel complimentary directions that may be summarized as follows: (1) Speed up the inherently slow simulation process of...
Monterey, California: U.S. Naval Postgraduate School, 2002. — 59 p. This thesis addresses the critical process of assigning strike aircraft to targets once the targets have been identified: How do we optimally employ available aircraft and weapons on the current set of targets, and how can we modify a previously optimized assignment list to face changes in the tactical...
Colorado Springs, Colorado: Mission Research Corp., 2000. — 82 p. This report represents a compendium of previously published response generated during the conduct of this contract. They describe model abstraction techniques in general; reduced order metamodeling as a specific abstraction technique, and other applications of metamodeling.
Colorado Springs, Colorado: Mission Research Corp., 1996. — 316 p. Tactical simulation models used by the Department of Defense to assess the capabilities of combat systems and tactics are highly complex. It is often difficult to determine the relationship of individual factors to the performance of the modeled process. A technique called metamodeling has the ability to address...
Colorado Springs, Colorado: Mission Research Corp., 1996. — 198 p. Tactical simulation models used by the Department of Defense to assess the capabilities of combat systems and tactics are highly complex. It is often difficult to determine the relationship of individual factors to the performance of the modeled process. A technique called metamodeling has the ability to address...
Santa Monica, CA: RAND Corp., 1994. — 171 p. This report will be of particular interest to those who are involved in policy analysis for the Army's five-year program; in developing and applying methodology and models to assess military value, particularly the value of intelligence; and in comparing the potential contributions of Intelligence and Electronic Warfare/Target...
Air Force Institute Of Technology Wright-Patterson, AFB, OH, Graduate School Of Engineering And Management, 2015. — 58 p. We examine the optimal allocation of Integrated Air Defense System (IADS) resources to protect a country's assets, formulated as a Defender-Attacker-Defender three-stage sequential, perfect information, zero-sum game between two opponents. We formulate a...
Army Materiel Systems Analysis Activity, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD, 1976. — 37 p. he overall effectiveness of an artillery force in a combat engagement is a function of many things; one of the most important is individual weapon availability. In order for an artillery unit to effectively support ground forces, it must be able to respond quickly and reliably to all calls for...
West Point, New York: United States Military Academy, 1986. — 121 p. The computer wargame simulation is a low resolution model used to simulate brief periods of combat in limited geographical areas. This simulation is adapted for use on any IBM compatible microcomputer with 128,000 or more Bytes of memory. This model may be used for training, command post exercises, or...
Monterey, California: U.S. Naval Postgraduate School, 1973. — 51 p. In this thesis a Lanchester-Type model of combat with logistics considerations is presented. The combat effectiveness of each force is related to its supply. Four basic groups of force supplies are considered: food (all goods used whether or not combat is in progress); ammo (goods used only in combat activity);...
Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA, 1985. — 90 p. This thesis presents a critique of air defense submodels in VECTOR-2 and CORDIVEM. The critique is used to develop an improved approach to modeling air defense against overflights. The proposed model design makes extensive use of pre-processing subprograms in order to increase model resolution. It also offers the analyst a...
Monterey, California: Naval Postgraduate School, 1984. — 60 p. This thesis uses renewal theory to investigate the Lanchester-type combat attrition process. The attrition process is analysed in detail and modelled as a so-called renewal process in which times between casualties are considered to be independently and identically distributed random variables. Other random...
Naval Postgraduate School. — Monterey, California, 1983. — 47 p. This paper provides the conceptual foundation for stochastic-duels and then develops a modest extension to more realistic combat situations. Simple Stochastic models for the fundamental duel and the classical duel are reviewed. A modest extension is developed for the theory of multiple duels: when all firing times...
California Univ, Los Angeles, School Of Engineering And Applied Science, 1982. — 151 p. Pursuit and Evasion problems are probably the most natural application of differential game theory and have been treated by many authors as such. Very few problems of this class can be solved analytically. Fast and efficient numerical algorithm is needed to solve for an optimal or near...
Monterey, California: U.S. Naval Postgraduate School, 1985. — 210 p. This thesis gives a description of the physical and tactical parameters pertaining to missile defense and offense, and then proceeds with an overview of the mathematical investigations done on the missile allocation problem up to the 1972 publication of tne survey monograpn on tnis suoject by Eckler and Burr....
Naval Postgraduate School. — Monterey, California, 1969. — 96 p. In an effort to analyze small unit fire and maneuver tactics, Lanchester's Square Law is used as the basis for a model relating major combat variables of infantry engagements. An investigation encompassing 90 different computer battle simulations with varying levels of attacking force size, rush distance length,...
Translated from russian. — Washington: Government Printing Office, 1975. — 230 p. This English language edition of Forecasting in Military Affairs is the sixteenth volume in the "Soviet Military Thought" series, translated and published under the auspices of the United States Air Force. The Soviet edition was published in 1975 in 12,000 copies by the Voyennoye Izdatel'stvo...
Naval Postgraduate School. — Monterey, California, 1988. — 72 p. Historic ground combat can be analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. Qualitative analyses of combat are simply historical accounts or case studies. Quantitative analyses, on the other hand, address the mathematical and statistical aspects of ground combat. This thesis selects for study one particular...
Monterey, California: U.S. Naval Postgraduate School, 1988. — 65 p. Historic ground combat can be analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. Qualitative analyses of combat are simply historical accounts or case studies. Quantitative analyses, on the other hand, address the mathematical and statistical aspects of ground combat. This thesis selects for study one particular...
Dunlap And Associates West Inc., LA, Jollaca, 1981. — 82 p. Volume I of this Interim Report presents an overview of the technical approach to ACMR debrief development, and a preliminary debrief design based on key training objectives and their associated aircrew task measures. The requirements for a computer based debrief system are discussed, together with the rationale for...
Research Analysis Corp., McLean, VA, 1960. — 32 p. A mathematical model representing close combat with conventional weapons at company level for use in hand-played war games depicting combat at higher echelons is presented. The most significant improvement introduced in the FOE model is the velocity factor, which represents the approach of the attacking force at a rate varying...
Ohio State Univ Columbus Systems Research Group, 1971. — 376 p. This volume describes the design of models developed to represent ballistic-trajectory guided missiles and helicopters in DYNCOM. The missile models are extended to represent missiles flying a ballistic trajectory until acquiring a target and then the tracking of the target is described. The combat actions of...
Ohio State Univ Columbus Systems Research Group, 1976. — 537 p. This report describes the results of research to develop a helicopter attack route selection model, called DYNFLITE, for use in high resolution combat simulations such as DYNTACS X. The fundamental concept used in comparing alternative routes is the minimization of perceived threat under the constraint of attacking...
Ohio State Univ Columbus Systems Research Group, 1970. — 237 p. This report presents the results of research to design principal submodels for the DYNCOM combat simulation. Dyncom is a high-resolution simulation of battalion-sized combat units having armor, crew-served anti-tank, anti-helicopter, and artillery weapons. These weapons can be equipped with missiles, and the model...
Bethesda, Maryland: Army Concepts Analysis Agency, 1978. — 71 p. This document is an addendum to the COMMEL II User's Manual, Volumes I (AD-A031 613), II (AD-A031 614), and III (AD-A031 615). This addendum contains those changes necessary to Volumes I-III to reflect the modifications to the COMMEL (Communications-Electronics) II Model to incorporate the capability to analyze...
Air Force Inst of Tech Wright-Patterson AFB, OH, School of Engeineering, 1981. — 185 p. This paper describes an analytical model of the strategic bomber penetration mission. The model covers all parts of the mission from take off to kill or recovery. Specifically, the model includes representations of base escape, aerial refueling, forward defense, barrier SAMS, area...
Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland: Army Materiel Systems Analysis Activity (AMSAA), 1991. — 15 p. It is shown that the structure of the linear Lanchester attrition matrix leads to invariant properties associated with the sum of the eigenvalues and to the conclusion the linear Lanchester equations are inherently unstable.
Massachusets University Amherst Dept of computer Science, 2004. — 36 p. This effort developed simulation, visualization and evaluation technology for air campaign planning. A simple war game called Capture the Flag was used to build and evaluate military Courses of Action based on the developed technology. The Capture the Flag system comprises a simulator, a control...
McLean, Virginia: General Research Corp., 1974. — 253 p. The document contains a gamer's manual that describes the sources and handling of data required by the simulation; the interpretation of preprocessor outputs; the operation of the battle model; and the interpretation of game outputs.
Fort Leavenworth, Kansas: Army Combined Arms Combat Developments Activity, 1978. — 72 p. The report contains an overview of the CARMONETTE ground combat simulation. A brief discussion of model organization, application, and outputs is included. The mathematical models and history of the model are contained in annexes to this volume.
Monterey, California: Naval Postgraduate School, 1973. — 89 p. A generalized conception of an insurgency situation is examined with a systems approach. The model is divided into two sectors, propaganda and military. The emphasis in the propaganda sector is on all actions taken by the insurgent and gover.ment sides which have a psychological impact on the population. In the...
Army Materiel Systems Analysis Activity Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD, 1997. — 47 p. This study investigated contributions of anti-fratricidal technologies using the Groundwars combat simulation model. Technologies addressed were Second-Generation Forward Looking Infrared (FLIR), Battlefield Combat Identification System (BCIS), and Situational Awareness (SA). Target...
U.S. Army Research Office. 1985. – 941 p.
The Second Army Conference on Applied Mathematics and Computing. This is a technical report resulting from the First Army Conference on Applied Mathematics and Computing. It contains most of the papers in the agenda of this meeting. These treat various Army applied mathematical problems.
Air Force Cambridge Research Labs, Hanscom, AFB, MA, 1961. — 88 p. An experiment was performed in which five highly experienced subjects were required to perform threat evaluation and action selection functions under aerospace surveillance loads of from 60 to 96 incoming tracks. The most generally influential condition was task load, increases in which caused increased weapon...
Alexandria, Virginia: Center for Naval Analyses, 1979. — 30 p. Математическая модель атаки прямоидущей торпедой неуклоняещегося надводного корабля. This Research Contribution presents a methodology and a set of computer programs for analyzing an attack on a nonevading surface ship by submarine(s) firing straightrunning torpedoes. The model is compatible with ship vulnerability...
California Univ Livermore Radiation Lab, 1993. — 171 p. This final report documents the results of a three-year technology development program sponsored by the Rome Laboratory (RL) as part of the Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI) and executed at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL). The major objectives of this program were to develop, test, and deliver algorithms...
Naval Postgraduate School. — Monterey, California, 1991. — 83 p. This thesis describes the development from theorization to mathematical formulation of a ground combat model which includes the effects of range and orientation of fire and a valuation of mobility. The formulae of the model are then evaluated and expanded through the use of example calculations, which proceed from...
Naval Postgraduate School. — Monterey, California, 1997. — 84 p. This thesis describes the development of a standard unit-level object model for combat simulations. This thesis is part of an Army Modeling and Simulation Office (AMSO) sponsored study examining selected models from existing and future simulations in order to provide examples and insights to support object...
Monterey, California: U.S. Naval Postgraduate School, 1969. — 39 p. Stochastic models of combat which have been proposed consider that the personnel on the battlefield participate fully in the battle. Observation of behavior in combat indicates that a significant portion of the forces involved do not fire their weapons. These personnel are termed dropouts and the drop-out...
Monterey, California: U.S. Naval Postgraduate School, 1988. — 95 p. Senior officers in the United States Army have a high degree of confidence that National Training Center simulated combat results are representative, under similar circumstances, of actual combat. A validation methodology for high resolution combat models, primarily based on data acquired from the National...
Monterey, California: U.S. Naval Postgraduate School, 1988. — 95 p. Senior officers in the United States Army have a high degree of confidence that National Training Center simulated combat results are representative, under similar circumstances, of actual combat. A validation methodology for high resolution combat models, primarily based on data acquired from the National...
Air Force Inst Of Tech, Wright-Patterson, AFB OH, 1992. — 207 p. This project developed an instructional high resolution land combat simulation model. The purpose of this model is to demonstrate common techniques of modeling used in the present generation of US Army land combat models. This model is stochastic and uses an event scheduling type of discrete event time algorithm....
Air Force Inst Of Tech, Wright-Patterson, AFB, OH, School Of Engineering, 1991. — 132 p. This thesis provides the foundation to expand the newly developed theater level computerized wargame, SABER, at the Air Force Wargaming Center, Maxwell AFB, Alabama to include space conflict at the theater level of simulation. Building upon the recently completed SABER, this thesis effort...
Monterey, California: U.S. Naval Postgraduate School, 1985. — 98 p. This thesis develops a prototypical model for the planning of maneuver unite and engineer obstacle placement for the Airland Research Model under development at the Naval Postgraduate School. The model utilizes a multidimensional network for the representation of terrain and presents two algorithms for combat...
Monterey, California: U.S. Naval Postgraduate School, 1975. — 173 p. This thesis examines whether the complex random process of combat can be adequately represented by a deterministic model. Does one destroy any of the essential features of the random combat process by considering a deterministic model as representing the \"average\" course of combat? Insights into the...
Ohio State Univ, Columbus, Dept Of Statistics, 1971. — 24 p. In a recent paper, Armitage (Allocation of Sorties in Air Interdiction, Journal of the Operations Research Society of America, XVIII, No. 3 (May-June), pp. 483-496) has considered a deterministic model of air interdiction in a simplified hostile country through which material is supplied. In this report, an analogous...
Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA, 1981. — 95 p. This thesis proposes a framework for icorporating organizational aspects in combat models. It begins by explaining Dr. James G. Miller's Living Systems Theory (LST) as a possible framework. Included in this discussion is a review of the basic nature and potential of LST. A review of the Army's involvement with LST and its...
Air Force Inst Of Tech Wright-Patterson, AFB, OH, School Of Engineering, 1982. — 166 p. The subject of this thesis is the system consisting of the engagements between attacking intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) reentry vehicles (RV) and a defending ballistic missile defense system. The thesis presents a brief overview of the actual system before proceeding with the...
Army War Coll, Carlisle Barracks, PA, 1989. — 45 p. As more nations develop or participate in space activity, the impacts or effects of space assets and their degradation must be analyzed prior to a devastating event. This study attempts to review existing wargames which model space assets as an integral component of the game. Differences between wargames, simulations and...
Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA, 1976. — 70 p. Scatterable mines are currently being evaluated in the material acquisition process. This new concept of landmines will be examined by an analysis of field experiment data provided by the Combat Developments Experimentation Command (CDEC), Fort Ord, California. An experimental design and analysis plan is presented to...
Institute For Defense Analyses, Alexandria, VA, 1986. — 30 p. A mathematical model is described for a duel between a ground-based anti-satellite (ASAT) and a spaced-based weapons platform defending itself with kinetic energy weapons. The ASAT carries 1-6 kill vehicles and the space platform may first attack the ASAT booster with 1-3 defense missiles. If the ASAT kill vehicles...
Springer, 2012. — 240 p. — ISBN: 1461441080 Analysis, assessment, and data management are core tools required for operation research analysts. The April 2011 conference held at the Helenic Military Academy addressed these issues with efforts to collect valuable recommendations for improving analysts’ capabilities to assess and communicate the necessary qualitative data to...
Santa Monica, CA: RAND Corp., 2001. — 128 p. The 1990s have witnessed the dawn of what future historians will doubtless call the Information Age. It is clear that the ability to acquire, retrieve, manipulate, and exchange information has had and will continue to have a profound effect on a host of human activities. Warfare is no exception. Although it is clear that information...
DSTO, Salibury (Australia), Info Sciences Lab, 2004. — 56 p. In this report I show how simulations through cellular automata can be used to answer Effects-Based Operations (EBO) related questions. Such simulations provide effective tools to investigate the two themes that lie at the heart of the EBO paradigm which are that (a) the operations be holistic -treat the adversary as...
Prepared for the United States Air Force. United States Army. — 1995. — 52 p. This report illustrates a number of basic principles about aggregation and disaggregation in combat modeling by working through the mathematics and phenomenology of a concrete example. In the example, simplified ground combat takes place in a number of sectors and subsectors within a theater. The author...
RAND Corp., Santa Monica, CA, 1982. — 19 p. This paper describes one aspect of recent work in the Rand Strategy Assessment Center (RSAC), the challenge of finding ways to incorporate military realism in analytically oriented automated war games. Meeting the challenge has required developing new concepts and techniques that show great promise. The philosophy behind them has even...
Santa Monica, California: RAND Corp., 1998. — 83 p. This report describes final results of a small project sponsored by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA), the intention of which was to identify useful directions for further work on multiresolution modeling (MRM). The work was largely accomplished in the Applied Sciences and Technology Center of RAND's...
RAND Corp, Santa Monica, CA, 1992. — 66 p. This study was developed for the Defense Modeling and Simulation Office (DMSO), which is under the Director, Defense Research and Engineering. It reflects discussions of the DMSO’s Applications and Methodology Working Group, chaired by the author during this work. The study also draws upon discussions at two special meetings on...
Santa Monica, CA: RAND Corp., 2005. — 174 p. This monograph presents a selective survey of modern decision science prepared to assist the United States Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) in planning its research programs and, more specifically, developing methods and tools for decision support. Our emphasis is on relatively high-level decision making rather than, say, that of...
RAND Corp, Santa Monica, CA, 1992. — 70 p. The ability to do a cross walk among levels of resolution is important to a wide range of military and defense-planning activities such as systems analysis and policy analysis, war gaming, operational planning, and the development of a coherent military systems science. There are strong logical linkages among these activities, linkages...
Army Combined Arms Combat Developments Activity, Fort Leavenworth, KS, 1978. — 89 p. This report documents a quick-running, low-resolution ground combat model developed at the US Army Combined Arms, Combat Development Activity (CACDA). This model determines firers, targets, engagements, attritions, data update, and specified output for each time step of a tank-antitank battle....
Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland: US Army Ballistic Research Laboratory, 1984. – 32 p. In this report, the requirement to accomplish solids modeling at the Ballistic Research Laboratory is examined. The historic need for solids file generation is discussed, and the present technique called COMGEOM is described. We discuss an interactive editor (GED) which has recently been...
Army Ballistic Research Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD, 1988. — 33 p. Battlefield models can be classified according to a hierarchy of levels, each addressing a particular scale of battlefield integration. From top down, those levels are 1) Theater, 2) Corps, 3) Division, 4) Battalion, 5) Unit, and 6) Item (One-on-One). This paper deals with the problem of relating item-...
School of engineering of the air force institute of Technology Air University, 2001. — 382 p. This dissertation investigates a stochastic network formulation termed an event occurrence network (EON). EONs are graphical representations of the superposition of several terminating counting processes. An EON arc represents the occurrence of an event from a group of (sequential)...
Monterey, California: Naval Postgraduate School, 2007. — 59 p. The Distributed Operations (DO) concept is designed to answer the challenge of covert, highly adaptable, enemies operating with a dispersed command structure. The human variance that is part of military combat presents a critical challenge to the United States Marine Corps in the implementation of the DO concept. In...
Computer Sciences Corp., Fort Leavenworth, KS, Combat Developments Research Office, 1971. — 167 p. The volume describes the development and application of the analytical methodologies to be used in conjunction with the war game model. It includes the methodology for analyzing the output of the model(s) developed, determining the effectiveness of a single force, and for...
RAND Corp, Santa Monica, CA, 1991. — 84 p. This research was inspired by general readings about mathematical chaos and the recognition that certain classes of combat models behave much like forced-damped systems in which chaos can be found. The authors discovered chaotic-like behavior in the outcomes of a very simple computerized combat model. Recognizing that behavior of this...
Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA, 1983. — 74 p. The purpose of this thesis is to examine and recommend methodologies that will support the analysis of the ARCOMS II field experiment. This is done in three parts. The first is to determine the methods with which to analyze the experimental effects and interactions. This is followed by a discussion of data analysis...
Air Force Inst Of Tech, Wright-Patterson, AFB OH, 1989. — 390 p. An on-going Air Force logistics concern is the ability of an A.F. unit to fly aircraft into combat particularly when their air base comes under attack. A.F. units must not only survive attacks but continue to operate afterwards as well. Limited budgets and long procurement and training pipelines magnify the...
Monterey, California: Naval Postgraduate School, 1972. — 75 p. This thesis examines different strategies for a patrol boat in a riverine ambush before and after the ambush. Mathematical models employing concepts from games of strategy and statistical decision theory are used to study optimal tactics for the patrol boat before the ambush. A matrix game with the payoff a function...
Wagner (Daniel H) Associates Inc., Hampton, VA, 1996. — 372 p. Report developed under SBIR contract for N94-217. This report describes the proposed system, Structured Essential Model for Mine Warfare, (SEMMIW). The report provides class diagrams, class specifications, object-scenario diagrams, and descriptions, all in the Booch notation. It also provides a mathematical...
Army Combined Arms Combat Developments Activity, Fort Leavenworth, KANS, 1976. — 818 p. This documentation provides a complete description of the Division War Game (DIVWAG) Model as it exists on 1 April 1976.
Computer Sciences Corp., Fort Leavenworth, KS, Combat Developments Research Office, 1976. — 640 p. Described within the volumes are the model design and development; application; capabilities; limitations; facility, equipment, and personnel requirements; data input requirements; mathematical and logical processes; program descriptions; output descriptions; user instructions;...
Army Combined Arms Combat Developments Activity, Fort Leavenworth, KS, 1976. — 380 p. Described within the volumes are the model design and development; application; capabilities; limitations; facility, equipment, and personnel requirements; data input requirements; mathematical and logical processes; program descriptions; output descriptions; user instructions; and diagnostic...
Chicago, Illinois: A.T. Kearney Inc., Caywood-Schiller Division, 1978. — 110 p. PACAM IV is a computer model, developed to assist in the evaluation of air-to-air armaments by simulating the performance of aircraft and weapons in aerial combat. This volume is intended to provide sufficient information to an analyst to collect and enter all data necessary to successfully run the...
Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA, 1993. — 55 p. This thesis addresses a known deficiency of theater level wargames. The problem is the ability to produce a timely, flyable Air Tasking Order (ATO) that effectively uses assigned aircraft. Wargame pace and the lack of an effective planning tool prevented strike planning from being effectively implemented in the ATO. The...
Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA, 2014. — 185 p. Defining accurate representations of group behaviors in simulations is an expensive, time-consuming task. One reason for this is that previously produced behaviors are often not reusable within other scenarios or simulations. Using Hierarchical Task Networks (HTNs) to model military behaviors is a promising technique for...
Research Analysis Corporation, McLean, Virginia, 1969. — 220 p. THEATERSPIEL is a two-sided, closed, computer-assisted, theater-level wargame with resolution at division level. The TREATERSPIEL game model consists of the cyclical application of flexible sets of rules, procedures, mathematical expressions, empirical formulas, and military judgments to a specific set of data...
Alexandria, VA: Institute for Defense Analyses, Program Analysis Division, 1975. — 47 p. The problem of modeling a two-sided nuclear war is examined. In such a war the side that strikes first must consider a number of physical variables-- such as the yield, reliability, and accuracy of its weapons--in choosing a weapon allocation against the other side. However, the most...
Army Missile Command Redstone Arsenal, AL, Plans Analysis And Evaluation Directorate, 1980. — 197 p. This report presents a heuristic route selection model for developing aircraft routes through hostile terrain. The capability of modern air defense systems has forced aircraft to utilize low level flight to avoid detection, thereby increasing survivability. By identifying the...
Monterey, California: Naval Postgraduate School, 1983. — 77 p. The increasing cost of a through flight test of new fighter air-to-air tactics and equipment has made the use of simulation computer models to assist in this process desirable. This study presents an analysis and description of PACAM V (Piloted AirCombat Analysis Model) . PACAM V is a computer model developed to...
Naval Postgraduate School. — Monterey, California, 1997. — 171 p. A Concise Theory of Military Combat propounds a structure intended to relate comprehensively and consistently all elements and activities of every form of organized combat. Our goal is a unified description that is rigorous as to definitions, components, and the dynamics of all combat phenomena. This theory is...
Naval Postgraduate School. — Monterey, California, 1997. — 85 p. Before 1990, the Department of Defense (DoD) modeling and simulation effort was fragmented and uncoordinated. Developers of new simulations usually had to start from scratch and could reuse very few of the components from legacy models. Simulations from different developers were incompatible and inconsistent. One...
CRAMER (H E) CO Inc., Salt Lake City, UT, 1982. — 220 p. The Analysis of Multiple Source Obscurants on the Realistic Battlefield (AMSORB) computer program is designed to calculate line of sight integrated concentrations, transmittance and probability of detection in a polluted battlefield environment. Provision is made in the program for treatment of pollutants from smoke...
Fairfax, Virginia: Data Memory Systems Inc., Hero Div., 1986. — 209 p. The purpose of this Handbook on Ground Forces Attrition in Modern Warfare is to provide military analysts with some background information that will help them understand and analyze current combat operations and project the possible outcomes of future combat. The basis for this treatment of attrition in...
Santa Monica, California: RAND Corp., 1966. — 17 p. Tarlog operates on combat units, altering their composition and location as battle proceeds. Units are initially described by name, number of personnel, and number of each of sixty weapon types. Units are assigned one of five missions which determine their behavior. These are attack, prepared defense, hasty defense,...
Technical report. — Monterey, CA: Naval Postgraduate School Monterey, 1987. A Lanchester model is developed for a battlegroup ASW engagement. Two variations are included. In the first, long-range missile firing submarines, short-range missile or torpedo firing submarines, and submarines firing only torpedoes distribute their attack uniformly over battlegroup escort ships and...
Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA, 1986. — 26 p. An examination is made of the submarine versus submarine engagement model SUBSUB. Engagements are modelled from search through detection, classification, localization, closure, attack and counterattack. The submarine missions considered are barrier patrol, area patrol and transit. The version of SUBSUB examined runs on an...
Office of the Assistant Vice Chief Of Staff (Army), Washington DC, 1973. — 154 p. This technical review of air-ground engagement models was performed to assist model users in determining the proper application of these models and the efficient allocation of available modeling resources. The objectives of the review were to: identify the strengths and weaknesses of each model,...
Monterey, California: U.S. Naval Postgraduate School, 1974. — 60 p. Optimal fire-support strategies are studied through a deterministic differential game using Lanchester-type equations of warfare. In addition to the MAX-MIN principle, the theory of singular extremals is required to solve this prescribed duration combat problem. The combat is between two heterogeneous forces,...
RAND, 1973. — 108 p. This report describes the latest version (TAGS-V) of a highly aggregated ground-air conflict computer model. This model, which is distinguished by ease of input and high computational speed, has been used in an Air Force Project RAND study of the contribution of forces to deterrence to assess the combat potential of alternative ground and air forces that...
RAND Corp., Santa Monica, CA, 1990. — 144 p. This Note describes the latest version of the TSARINA (TSAR INputs using AIDA) airbase damage assessment computer program that has been developed to estimate the on-base concentration of toxic agents that would be deposited by a chemical attack and to assess losses to various on-base resources from conventional attacks, as well as...
DARCOM-P 706-101. BRL. 1978 — 495 p. The objective of the Army Weapon Systems Analysis Handbook is to give the appropriate background for young analysts entering the field of military operations research, and to record some of the more useful or recommended methodology for evaluation of Army weapon systems and materiel. This handbook may also be used as a text for teaching weapon...
DARCOM P-706-102. BRL. 1978 — 562 p. The Army Weapon Systems Analysts (AWSA) Handbook consists of two parts and has been prepared to record an extensive field in a condensed form, i.e. some of the highlights of weapon evaluations developed by the Army since about 1943. The need to describe and to standardize weapon evaluation methodologies insofar as possible also existed -- the...
Monterey, California: Naval Postgraduate School, 2001. — 118 p. This thesis uses agent-based modeling techniques to develop a simulation of the operational-level naval planning process. The simulation serves as an initial exploratory laboratory for analyzing the consequences of the force allocation, force deployment, and force movement decisions made by operational-level naval...
Helsinki: Juvenes Print Oy, 2012. — 189 p. — ISBN 9789512523177. Tactical level war gaming using computational simulation is used in military analysis. In this study, computational methods have been developed in order to simulate brigade level scenarios for comparative studies. The brigade level does not allow analysis of all individual soldiers, because of increased number of...
McLean, Virginia: Science Applications International Corporation, Computer Modeling and Simulation Division, 1986. — 164 p. This manual describes the methodology of the Hunter-Killer Model. Each algorithm used by the model is explained and the source of any equations is provided. The manual provides directions for constructing a data set. The manual also provides procedures to...
Grumman Aerospace Corp., Bethpage, NY, Research Dept, 1975. — 75 p. This report presents a new methodology with which to quantify missile effectiveness and aircraft vulnerability. The approach is a blend of applications of optimal control theory, stochastic learning theory, and simulation. This methodology permits an evaluation of aircraft evasive maneuvering and...
Army Tank-Automotive Research And Development Command, Warren, MI, 1977. — 54 p. This report presents a new methodology with which to analyze the survivability of tank vehicles to anti-tank missile threats. The approach employs elements of optimal control theory, stochastic learning theory, and dynamical simulation in a computational method which determines tank evasive...
Monterey, California: Naval Postgraduate School, 1980. — 79 p. This thesis surveys various methods for modeling land combat and examines the assumptions underlying each method. The users of land combat models are identified according to the nature of the problems that they are trying to solve: weapons system life-cycle management, tactical planning and doctrine, force...
General Research Corp. McLean, VA, 1976. — 198 p. This report provides the specifications for a fast and comprehensive simulation of tactical nuclear war and conventional operations under the threat of nuclear war. The model focus is on military decision-making under specified political constraints on the employment of nuclear weapons in a theater. Means are provided for...
La Jolla Calif: Science Applications Inc, 1976. — 66 p. This report contains tables of probabilities of damage to point or circular normal area targets. It includes an explanation of the geometric meaning and mathematical background of the tables, a description of the table organization, and several examples of their use.
DSTO-TN-0449 — Edinburgh, Australia: DSTO Systems Sciences Laboratory. 2002. — 44 p. This report considers the derivation of the mathematical model for a missile autopilot in state space form. The basic equations defining the airframe dynamics are non-linear, however, since the non-linearities are structured (in the sense that the states are of quadratic form) a novel approach...
Air Force Inst of Tech Wright-Patterson AFB, OH, School of Engeineering, 1981. — 147 p. The algorithm developed in this study finds the solution to multi-stage simultaneous games. A dynamic programming approach is used to solve the multi-stage game. The main idea of the solution is to build at each stage a matrix whose values are the payoffs obtained by playing each of the...
Monterey, California: Naval Postgraduate School, 2014. — 125 p. This thesis considers the effects of cyber operations on kinetic warfare, by exploring and building on two recently proposed extensions to traditional Lanchester models of combat. In one model, we consider instantaneous changes to kinetic fighting capability resulting, for example, from the disruption or...
BDM CORP McLean VA, 1980. — 215 p. The purpose of this manual is to document the Modular Air Defense Model (MADEM) and its implementation. The manual discusses the processes modeled, their structure and relationships, and the various assumptions made. A detailed explanation of the inputs, outputs, and computer processing requirements of the simulation is presented with a...
BDM CORP McLean VA, 1980. — 536 p. The purpose of this manual is to document the Modular Air Defense Model (MADEM) and its implementation. The manual discusses the software architecture, data structures and execution requirements, in detail. The manual is intended for use by programmers charged with maintaining or modifying MADEM. The MADEM Analyst Manual discusses the...
BDM Corp., McLean, VA, 1980. — 93 p. This document is a companion to the Modular Air Defense Effectiveness Model (MADEM) Analyst and Programmer manuals. It describes a series of enhancement designs completed during the MADEM Final Development Project. These designs have not been implemented in the current version of MADEM and have been documented for discussion purposes only....
Monterey, California: U.S. Naval Postgraduate School, 1987. — 193 p. Astablish a portion of a high resolution, prescriptive field artillery module! or the Airland Research Model which, when combined with the thesis of Captain Robin Lindstrom, produces a complete, operational field artillery lodule. The proposed module is a hierarchical representation of field artillery...
Cambridge, Massachusetts: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), 1984. — 120 p. The objective of this project is to examine and assess the extent to which U.S. military policy has effectively interpreted and responded to the military implications of Soviet weapons innovations. The project focuses on the contributions of Soviet weapons innovations to military mission...
Ketron, Inc. 1975. — 161 p. ATACM is a computer model designed and built for the Arms Control and Disarmament Agency for use in analyzing the impact of various force mixes upon a tactical airwar in Europe between NATO and Warsaw Pact forces. ATACM models an air campaign as a zero-sum staged game and employs dynamic programming to solve this game for approximate, optimal...
Dept of Computer & Information Science and Engineering, University of Florida, 1997. — 223 p. This project focused on research involving a simulation-based planning methodology and toolkit to help in real-time planning and decision making. A new methodology called OOPM (Object Oriented Physical Modeling) was developed. Development of the MOOSE (Multimodeling Object Oriented...
Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA, 1986. — 86 p. This thesis extends the development of the Airland Research Model (ALARM), an on-going research effort at the Naval Postgraduate School, in the areas of generating tactical boundaries through avenue of approach generation and the development of a plan over time for the commitment of ground combat forces. Terrain analysis on...
Command And Control Technical Center, Washington, DC, 1977. — 390 p. The Institute for Defense Analyses Tactical Warfare (TACWAR) model is a fully-automated combat simulation that can be used to assess the interaction of combat forces employing conventional, nuclear, and chemical weapons in a theater-wide campaign. This document presents the information necessary for programmer...
Decision Science Inc. San Diego, CA, 1981. — 70 p. This report describes a computer program for the off-line simulation of air-to-air combat wherein a friendly aircraft engages two hostile aircraft. The method is based on the Adaptive Maneuvering Logic which is described elsewhere. The approach selected was influenced by these concepts. (1) The best defense is a good offense....
Wright-Patterson AFB, OH: School Of Engineering, Air Force Inst Of Tech, 1994. — 87 p. To effectively compare different sets of available aircraft, it is necessary to find the apportionment that maximizes the effectiveness of each set of aircraft. This research effort uses an unclassified TAC THUNDER scenario to show how an analyst can use response surface methodology (RSM)...
Monterey, California: U.S. Naval Postgraduate School, 1982. — 111 p. This thesis investigates the Counterforce Potentials model as a tool for decision makers in force mix analysis. All theoretical forms and submodules methodology flow within the model are reviewed, criticized, and analyzed for the model's use in force mix analysis. As a linear model for imputing values to...
Clemson Univ Sc Dept Of Industrial Engineering, 1990. — 215 p. In warfare, historical records indicate that a larger force usually defeats a smaller force. The U.S. military will most likely fight outnumbered in any large scale conflict in the future. To redress this imbalance, Force Multipliers are used to increase the combat effectiveness of systems. The need to design...
Electronic Systems Div L.G., Hanscom Field, Ma, Operational Applications Office, 1961. — 161 p. Performance measures from the first major experiment in a series on tactical decision-making for treat evaluation and action selection in aero space surveillance are described. Two groups of experimental commanders performed under several levels of target track load and threat...
Booz-Allen And Hamilton Inc., Fort Walton Beach, FL, 1976. — 229 p. This computer simulation model, referred to as SEMAC, provides the methodology and analytical techniques required for evaluating the synergistic effect of minefields and covering fire. The model was specifically designed to consider mixed minefields, armored vehicle tactics, and the employment of combinations...
Alexandria, CNA, 2008. — 72 p. In this CNA Information Memorandum (CIM), we present a primer on ground combat models with brief reviews on Lanchester-type attrition equations and how CNA used a multiagent-based model, EINSTein, to study small-unit ground combat tactics. Models and simulations defined History of modeling Survey of combat models Limitations of current models...
Institute For Defense Analyses, Alexandria, VA, 1988. — 104 p. The Institute for Defense Analyses (IDA) has collected and analyzed information on battle management algorithm technology that is relevant to Battle Management/Command, Control and Communications (BM/C3). This Memorandum Report represents a program plan that will provide the BM/C3 Directorate of the Strategic...
Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA, 1980. — 121p. To enhance insight into a war at sea, a large-scale, aggregated, and highly flexible model of the ASW campaign is offered. The model was designed, first and foremost, to examine the change in the marginal effectiveness of friendly ASW forces due to changes of force level, force mix, and force employment strategies. The...
Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio: Air Force Institute of Technology (AFIT), School of Engineering, 1983. — 196 p. Second-echelon interdiction is closely tied to the close-in battle. In reality, it is part of the integrated battle which says that all means are used to fight the battle at all distances. The objective of this research effort was to examine what effect the combination of...
University Of Southern California Los Angeles Dept Of Industrial And Systems Engineering, 1990. — 15 p. The principal motivation for this work is the development of more realistic small-to-moderate size firefight models than the extant deterministic and exponential Lanchester square law models. It is important to note here that what we call exponential model has been called...
University Of Southern California Los Angeles, 1989. — 45 p. In this reprint we consider two versions of two-on-two homogeneous stochastic combat and develop expressions, in each case, for the state probabilities. The models are natural generalizations of the exponential Lanchester square law model. In the first version, a marksman whose target is killed resumes afresh the...
Armament Systems Inc., Anaheim, CA, 1979. — 272 p. The MISDEM (Mission/Damage Effectiveness Model) is a survivability/vulnerability model that transforms aircraft subsystem probabilities of survival into probabilities of aircraft survival and probabilities of various aircraft response modes, such as flight, countermeasures, and weapon delivery modes having different degrees of...
Armament Systems Inc., Anaheim, CA, 1979. — 166 p. The MISDEM (Mission/Damage Effectiveness Model) is a survivability/vulnerability model that transforms aircraft subsystem probabilities of survival into probabilities of aircraft survival and probabilities of various aircraft response modes, such as flight, countermeasures, and weapon delivery modes having different degrees of...
Naval Postgraduate School. — Monterey, California, 1991. — 136 p. This thesis presents a high resolution, discrete event driven combat simulation. This model was developed to facilitate the analysis of tactical options available to a small unit (company/platoon) commander using artillery and multiple lanes in overcoming a minefield obstacle. KHAFJI is a high fidelity combat...
Hay Systems Inc, Washington DC, 1991. — 99 p. Air Land battlefield doctrine predicts that future wars will require Army units to operate 24 hours per day in continuous or sustained operations as evidenced in Desert Storm. The key limiting factor in these type of stressful operations is, as always, the individual soldier. The Army seeks to predict its future battlefield...
Cambridge University Press, 2021. — 394 p. — ISBN-13 9781107075283. Дорогостоящие расчеты: теория войны, жертв и политики Gartner and Segura consider the costs of war – both human and political – by examining the consequences of foreign combat, on domestic politics. The personal costs of war – the military war dead and injured – are the most salient measure of war costs...
Cambridge University Press, 2021. — 394 p. Gartner and Segura consider the costs of war – both human and political – by examining the consequences of foreign combat, on domestic politics. The personal costs of war – the military war dead and injured – are the most salient measure of war costs generally and the primary instrument through which war affects domestic politics. The...
Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA, Inst for Joint Warfare Analysis, 1998. — 18 p. The effective use of mobile sensors (UAVs for example, but not exclusively) to investigate own and opponent force status in geographical regions requires planning to compensate for their limitations. These limitations include finite endurance, and realistic mission unreliability: the failure...
Monterey, California: Naval Postgraduate School, 2000. — 65 p. This paper provides various meta-models for extending or extrapolating in time, and varying and enhancing in coverage capability, the 2- day output of a high-resolution simulation model, here specifically but not exclusively, the Army's COSAGE. The models we propose, generically called DISC-O-TIC, (Discrete-Time...
Monterey, California: Naval Postgraduate School, 1981. — 46 p. This report describes dynamic combat models that reflect the effect of information flows together with attrition capability upon combat progress and outcome. Command and Control (C2) assets for each participant are modeled as endowed with the capacity to guide combat; C2 is also vulnerable in that it may be...
Monterey, California: Naval Postgraduate School, 1980. — 39 p. The influence of information upon combat models is given an initial investigation. Coordination of unit fire is evaluated on a static, and then dynamic (Lanchesterian) basis. A model is made for a discriminating missile directed at valuable targets surrounded by false (low value) targets.
Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA, Dept of Operations Research, 1997. — 29 p. Deep precision strike is a generic military operation that depends importantly on C4/ISR system contributions. Information from the latter is realistically subject to chance influences: targets are found and correctly identified generally at rates proportional to their numbers, locations, and...
Monterey, California: Naval Postgraduate School, 2017. — 131 p. Our thesis presents a modeling paradigm that uses stochastic duels to evaluate the performance of fighter aircraft in one-on-one air combats. The main thrust distinguishing our work is the combination of stochastic models, kinematics, and flight theories to represent the dynamics of a one-on-one air duel between...
Monterey, California: U.S. Naval Postgraduate School, 1986. — 68 p. This thesis extends the development of algorithms for modeling planning processes in the AirLand Research Model (ALARM), an on-going research effort at the Naval Postgraduate School. An algorithm is developed to determine optimal mission assignments for supporting combat resources based on the determination of...
Air Force Inst of Tech Wright-Patterson AFB, OH, School of Engeineering, 1997. — 147 p. This thesis describes the development of a methodology to model chemical weapons use in the Joint Staff's Joint Warfare Analysis Experimental Prototype (JWAEP) and to quantify the resulting effects. The methodology incorporates organic unit assets and theater-level chemical assets into JWAEP...
Monterey, California: Naval Postgraduate School, 1997. — 124 p. This thesis proposes a numerical measure of the combat power potential of U.S. Marine Corps close air support (CAS) aircraft. The combat power potential of a weapon system is defined as the rate at which the system could deliver lethal fire to any point on the battlefield, accounting for particular and relevant...
BDM CORP, McLean VA, 1978. — 74 p. The emphasis in a player centered model is on the interactions of the various elements, the total effect of which determine the outcome. Player centered models reduce many modeling problems, since only component processes must be modeled, although this is achieved at the cost of increased software complexity. One of the most difficult...
Air Force Inst Of Tech, Wright-Patterson, AFB, OH, School Of Engineering, 1994. — 68 p. This work is concerned with developing techniques that may be used in the creation of artincially intelligent air combat simulation agents. It demonstrates, by example, that it is possible to integrate both reactives and deliberative behaviors within a highly dynamic real-time combat...
Monterey, California: BDM Corp., 1979. — 90 p. The work described in this report is part of a continuing effort to develop simplified, manual models of land combat that are useful to the field commander as well as the analyst. The present effort introduces range dependency, improved kill rate parameters derived from force-on-force test data, red artillery effects, and reduced...
Naval Warfare Research Center. — Arlington, Virginia. March 1977. — 71 p. In order to develop a capability in BALFRAM to optimally allocate tactical air resources over N stages, three air-and-ground war models and the N-stage games given by them were studied. This report presents the results of that study. Background Model I Differential equations The formulated game The...
Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio : Air Force Institute of Technology Press, 1984. — 559 p. : ill. The text is divided into 21 chapters and and includes an extensive bibliogrphy. The first chapters discuss some 61 military models used in the Depatment of Defense. Perspectives of military modeling The structure of models Quantitative methods The choices and uses of criteria...
Air Force Inst of Tech Wright-Patterson AFB, OH, School of Engeineering, 1982. — 164 p. This study develops a basic methodology for modeling the effects of command and control on the Forward Air Defense (FAD). It is modeled from the Soviet perspective to judge the effectiveness of the defense against a US penetrating force. Three possible Soviet defenses which might occur in...
Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 1991. — 105 p. The widespread availability of inexpensive high-speed computers has led to the development of complex, detailed technical models of combat. These high resolution computer simulations and wargames are touted by their proponents as low-cost alternatives to extensive, high-cost field training exercises for the...
Air Force Inst of Tech Wright-Patterson AFB, OH, School of Engeineering, 1985. — 441 p. This thesis was directed towards developing flexible, operationally- oriented methodologies to assess the effectiveness of convectional airfield attack. Two methodologies were pursued: computer simulation and response surface methodology. The computer simulation was based on the Attack...
Logistics Management Inst., Bethesda, MD, 1981. — 515 p. The Sortie-Generation Model System provides the capability for relating aircraft spares and maintenance manpower levels to the maximal sortie- generation capability of tactical air forces over time. The maintenance subsystem estimates the maintenance manpower and performance input parameters for the queuing model that is...
Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio: Air Force Institute of Technology (AFIT), School of Engineering, 1994. — 42 p. This thesis describes the development of an air mission planning algorithm for the Joint Staffs Future Theater Level Model (FTLM). The overall problem scope was to develop an algorithm to handle major factors bearing on the combat mission planning problem while providing...
Institute For Defense Analyses, Alexandria, VA, 1990. — 221 p. This paper examines selected methodologies for collecting and using judgment data. Such methodologies may have applications in the consideration of qualitative aspects of military effectiveness, such as morale and leadership, as well as in the estimation of values for which good empirical bases do not exist. This...
Institute For Defense Analyses, Alexandria, VA, 1975. — 32 p. This paper considers the problem of allocating weapons to achieve targeting objectives while simultaneously minimizing the aggregate damage to surrounding nonmilitary facilities, each of which has an upper limit to the damage it is permitted to incur. This problem is, in general, nonconvex. A model is formulated that...
Alexandria, VA: US Army Materiel Command, 1986. — 98 p. This report presents a multiple-burst vehicle kill probability model. The methodology developed includes as kill mechanisms mechanical damage, ignition of flammable fluids from the puncture of reservoirs and lines by high energy projectiles, ignition of fluids which were spilled but no ignited on earlier rounds, and the...
Military Academy West Point, NY, 1977. — 12 p. The Lanchester model is a widely used abstraction of the complexities of combat. Normally, the initial friendly and enemy strengths are assumed to be deterministic. However, in reality, there may be some uncertainty associated with both variables. This paper provides a methodology for evaluating the benefit of reducing this...
Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA, Dept of Systems Management, 1999. — 25 p. New warfare doctrine for the U.S. Marine Corps emphasizes small, highly mobile forces supported from the sea, rather than from large, land based supply points. The goal of logistics planners is to support these forces with as little inventory on land as possible. We show how to configure the land...
Air Force Inst Of Tech Wright-Patterson, AFB, OH, School Of Engineering, 1972. — 126 p. A study was made to determine the effect of target maneuvering during projectile flight time on kill probability in air-to-air gunnery. The effect of target uncertainty was analyzed by comparing kill probabilities for a specified non-maneuvering target with kill probabilities for an average...
Monterey, California: U.S. Naval Postgraduate School, 1970. — 72 p. Several models of the problem of target selection for field artillery fire as a supporting weapon system to a maneuver element in a division field environment are presented in this thesis. The field artillery system, its capabilities and limitations, as well as, the criteria utilized by military decision makers...
Air Force Inst of Tech Wright-Patterson AFB OH School of Engineering, 1998. — 87 p. The air campaign planning process is a complex and dynamic process. Operations research has been applied to this problem to shorten the planning cycle with mixed results. The Joint Force Air Component Commander Planning Tool was developed as an air campaign planning aid. It uses the Conventional...
Air Force Inst Of Tech, Wright-Patterson, AFB OH, 1997. — 86 p. The primary objective of this study was to develop an analytical methodology for evaluating an aircraft sortie generation process. The process is modeled as a closed network of general service queues with a fork join node to model concurrent servicing. The model uses the Mean Value Analysis (MVA) algorithm and...
Air Force Inst Of Tech Wright-Patterson, AFB OH, School Of Engineering, 1986. — 144 p. This thesis refines an earlier demonstrated methodology which combines response surface methodology and experimental design concepts to describe the output of a deterministic model. In an effort to maximize the combat power delivered to a theater commander, several critical factors are varied...
Army Engineer Studies Center, Fort Belvoir VA, 1991. — 117 p. Engineers are responsible for repairing or replacing war-damaged sustainment base facilities. Planning for the amounts and kinds of war damage repair is, however, confounded by the vagaries of war. Theater wargames generally ignore damage at rear-area installations, and war damage models typically confine their...
Santa Monica, CA: RAND Corp., 2004. — 65 p. The effectiveness of attacks on time critical targets (suppression enemy air defenses, interdiction, and theater ballistic missile missions) often depends on decisions made by the adversary. Game theory is a way to study likely changes in enemy behavior resulting from various attack capabilities and goals. Engagement-level combat is...
Monterey, California: Naval Postgraduate School, 1995. — 110 p. The purpose of this thesis is to design, develop, and demonstrate a decision model to dynamically apportion and allocate air assets in a theater level combat model subject to specified air campaign plan. The methods described are combined into a stand-alone air apportionment I air allocation (AA)2 model. The model...
Monterey, California: U.S. Naval Postgraduate School, 1963. — 132 p. The decision problem of the allocation of available weight and space in an air-dropped anti-submarine torpedo to fuel, explosive, and to attack speed capability above some preset minimum is studied for the case in which alternatives under consideration do not differ with respect to their effect on weapon...
Monterey, California: U.S. Naval Postgraduate School, 1974. — 48 p. The optimal fire distribution policy obtained using a stochastic combat attrition model is compared with that for a deterministic one. The same optimal control problem for a homogeneous force in combat against a heterogeneous force of two homogeneous types is considered using two different models for the...
Human Resources Research Organization, Alexandria, VA, 1981. — 24 p. This paper is based on a presentation on research accomplished in HumRRO Project COTEAM, Combat Operations Training Effectiveness Analysis Model Applied to Rifle Squad and Platoon Evaluation. Engagement simulation has been found to be an effective method of training soldiers for combat. Soldiers trained in...
National Military Command System Support Center, Washington, DC, 1972. — 296 p. The report is one of three volumes describing the analytical techniques used in the Quick-Reacting General War Gaming System (QUICK). This volume describes the Plan Generation Subsystem. Initially, the general concept of operation and the functions performed by this subsystem are presented....
Monterey, California: U.S. Naval Postgraduate School, 1987. — 80 p. The purpose of this thesis was to explore some initial issues that must be addressed in order to imbed a credible model of reconnaissance operations within the Airland Research Model (ALARM). During the course of the research effort the objectives of identifying and describing attributes of reconnaissance...
Chicago, Illinois: Caywood-Schiller Associates, 1967. — 228 p. ATAC-2 is a simulation model designed to help evaluate fighters in air-to-air combat. The model treats the one vs. one dogfight which arises from a random search situation. Both aircraft in the combat are (usually) agressive. The two principal outputs from the model are the probability a given aircraft is killed in...
Chicago, IL: Caywood-Schiller Associates, 1967. — 208 p. Contents: Definitions; Flow charts; Program listing; An example of input and output; Probability of detection; Geometric considerations; The DEL Pursuit course; Turning rate; Specific power function; Steady state conditions.
Linthicum, MD : Informs, 2001. — 330 p. : ill. A methodology is proposed for predicting the results of combat/ It is founded in historical analyses of quantitative factors. To to extent that the methodology is successful, it can be used to forecast the results of future battles. The methodology is simply enough to be implemented as a computer spreadshet model. It also can...
Oak Ridge Gaseous Diffusion Plant, TN, Data Systems Research And Development Program, 1991. — 71 p. The Oak Ridge Spreadsheet Battle Model (ORSBM) is a combat effects predictor model. Given a description of a battle, it predicts the duration, surprise, advance rate, total advance, casualties, combat systems losses, and victor for the battle. Further, the model produces...
Oak Ridge Gaseous Diffusion Plant, TN, 1994. — 78 p. Martin Marietta Energy Systems, Inc. is the Management and Operating Contractor for the Department of Energy's Oak Ridge National Laboratory and other Oak Ridge Federal Facilities. The Data Systems Research and Development (DSRD) Program is the unit of Energy Systems with principal responsibility for data systems work...
Monterey, California: U.S. Naval Postgraduate School, 1978. — 43 p. Five models for determining munitions requirements for air-to-ground weapons are compared. Common features and differences are discussed, and suggestions for extensions are presented.
Monterey, California : Naval Postgraduate School, 1982. — 36 p. This report provides user documentation for the Target Acquisition module of the STAR combined arms combat simulation model. The Target Acquisition module allows STAR to simulate the detailed tactical employment of existing and proposed electro-optical imaging sensors in degraded visibility scenarios involving...
Monterey, California : Naval Postgraduate School, 1982. — 111 p. This report provides technical documentation for the Target Acquisition Module of the STAR Combined Arms Combat Simulation Model. Details of data structures, simulation events, and supporting routines are provided.
Monterey, California: U.S. Naval Postgraduate School, 1980. — 62 p. This report describes the ground movement module used in the STAR combined arms combat simulation model. The model capabilities, data requirements, and computer programs used are presented. This report is one of a series of STAR publications
Monterey, California : Naval Postgraduate School, 1979. — 85 p. This report presents the motivation and mathematical background for the parametric terrain model used in the STAR Brigade level combined arms combat simulation. Computer subroutines for terrain elevation and line of sight computations are presented and explained in detail along with several preprocessor utility...
Stockholm: Swedish Defence Research Agency, 2009. — 54 p. A literature review has been conducted in order to find methods, experimental data and empirical relationships that can be used in order to define kill criteria for components. Only damage caused by penetration is considered. Kill criteria for components are used in simulations of weapons effects in various types of...
Air Force Inst Of Tech Wright-Patterson, AFB, OH, School Of Engineering, 1974. — 87 p. The two-dimensional (longitudinal) kinematics of air-to-air combat tracking with a lead computing optical sight system were simulated on an analog computer. Three pilots flew three different aircraft configurations on the fixed-base simulator at 3000- and 1000-foot ranges against a target...
Monterey, California: Naval Postgraduate School, 2008. — 143 p. The U.S. Navy employs several models of maritime combat to provide analytical rigor to force structure and weapon system procurement policies. All of the models currently used are high resolution and deterministic, providing very detailed results but without any measurement of variance or any statistical manner of...
Monterey, California: U.S. Naval Postgraduate School, 1990. — 107 p. This report develops a modern naval combat model. It deals with naval surface missile combat and models the attrition as a force-on-force process described in discrete time steps, or slaves. The degradation of each force is expressed in terms of remaining staying power and combat power in both opponents. It is...
Saclant ASW research centre la spezia (Italy), 1970. — 38 p. Using the Runge-Kutta-Merson method a computer program was developed for the numerical solution of a system of generalized Lanchester equations. A detailed description is given of the input-output features of the computer program and of the algorithm used to solve the equations. Two sample problems illustrate the use...
Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA, 2002. — 73 p. The U,S Army is undergoing significant changes in its force structure and implementation doctrine, This thesis evaluates factors associated with networking assets in a future battle space incorporating Future Combat Systems An analysis framework was developed designed to assist the Army in current and future evaluation of...
Wright-Patterson AFB, OH: Air Force Inst Of Tech, 1995. — 145 p. The Department of Defense has a requirement to quantify the force enhancement effects from various configurations of an envisioned multilayered Theater Missile Defense (TMD) system. TMD research accomplished to date has focused primarily on the pre-launch and in-flight tactical ballistic missile (TBM) operational...
Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA, 1976. — 58 p. The study describes two models for the computation of burst kill probabilities for air defense gun systems firing non-fragmenting projectiles at non-maneuvering aircraft targets. The models are contrasted in development to demonstrate the strengths, weaknesses and relative merits of each. The Weapons Command model appeared...
Air Force Inst Of Tech Wright-Patterson, AFB, OH, School Of Engineering, 1987. — 222 p. The purpose of this effort was to provide middle to senior level managers a tool which would enhance their knowledge of how space assets are acquired deployed, and manuevered in response to the ground situation. This effort had two basic objectives: (1) Provide a user friendly model which...
Washington, D.C.: George Washington University, 2000. — 364 p. This text presents straightforward methods to analyze air defense and air vehicle penetration. Unique expected value models are developed with frequent numerical examples. Radar (masking, multipath, clutter and low RCS) and electro-optics processing are analyzed, as are electronic warfare, lethal self defense, and...
Santa Monica, CA: RAND Corp., 1971. — 105 p. The validity of breakpoint hypotheses is of interest to the Air Force because such hypotheses are imbedded in several models presently used to evaluate weapon systems in terms of the effect of air-delivered munitions on the course of a land combat engagement. This report investigates a popular assumption regarding the relationship of...
Army Concepts Analysis Agency, Bethesda, MD, 1987. — 65 p. This study examines whether a relation between casualties and victory in land combat battles, discovered in the course of earlier research, holds also for wars. It finds that this relation, or one similar to it, quite likely does hold for wars as well as battles. The paper also includes a brief exploration of the trend...
Army Concepts Analysis Agency, Bethesda, MD, 1992. — 92 p. Volley fire problems arise frequently in applied military operations research work, and this paper develops a powerful general theory whose systematic application to volley fire problems greatly aids in their solution. This provides US Army and other military analysts ready access to systematic methods whose application...
Logistics Management Institute, Bethesda, MD, 1993. — 476 p. This annotated bibliography is intended to provide a guide to the literature on personnel attrition rates in historical land combat operations. It should be useful to all who need to consider historical attrition rates for the purpose of modeling, war gaming, studies, and analysis. since it includes well over 200...
Santa Monica, CA: RAND Corp., 1969. — 17 p. The influence of force ratio, or numerical superiority, on victory in battle has been a subject for debate and conjecture for many years. One frequently hears that a 3-to-1 force ratio in the assault is necessary for, or (in other versions) sufficient to ensure, victory in land engagements. These statements are sufficiently common...
Logistics Management Institute, Bethesda, MD, 1991. — 85 p. This is an English translation of the seminal work of M. Osipov, originally published in Russian. It is provided because Osipov's work is so important historically and methodologically that it deserves to be better known in the west. For instance, as early as 1915, Osipov discovered Lanchester's square law of...
Logistics Management Inst (LMI), McLean, VA, 2009. — 133 p. This report documents the latest version of the Stochastic Lanchester Air-to-Air Campaign Model (SLAACM), developed by LMI for the Tactical Air Division, a component of the Office of the Secretary of Defense, Program Analysis and Evaluation (OSD PA&E). During the past year, optimized offensive air campaigns, including...
Logistics Management Institute, Bethesda, MD, 2005. — 58 p. The Office of the Secretary Defense, Program Analysis and Evaluation, Tactical Air Division (OSD/PA&E TACAIR) has an ongoing effort focused on modeling and analysis of air combat and air campaigns in support of OSD decision making and planning. LMI has been assisting TACAIR with that effort. Our previous tasks have...
Logistics Management Institute, Bethesda, MD, 2006. — 44 p. The report describes analytical tasks performed for OSD/PA&E TACAIR during the period from June 2005 through July 2006. The report describes use of and extension to the stochastic Lanchester Air-to-Air Campaign model (SLAACM) probabilistic model of campaigns for air superiority between two opponents, described in...
Logistics Management Institute, McLean, VA, 2007. — 136 p. The report describes latest version of the Stochastic Lanchester Air-to-Air Campaign Model (SLAACM). The report has two major sections and appendices. The first section includes several chapters that describe the mathematics and analysis methods used for engagement modeling, bomb damage calculations, campaign planning,...
Naval Postgraduate School. — Monterey, California, 1996. — 138 p. The quality and quantity of information flows is a critical factor in the command and control of forces in battle. Many current simulations do not adequately show the interactive effects of information on the battlefield. Agent-based simulation is a promising technique that can provide insight into these effects....
Air Force Inst Of Tech Wright-Patterson, AFB, OH, School Of Engineering, 1994. — 100 p. This thesis effort modeled brigade-sized templates within the CAMEX model, and determined the effects of those templates on the direct fire attrition methodology. The model simulated combat between a U.S. brigade from a mechanized or armored division and a Soviet-style motorized rifle...
General Research Corp., Santa Barbara, CA, 1984. — 116 p. AIRWAR II is a deterministic, expected-value simulation of a two-sided air-to-air and air-to-ground campaign fought over an extended period of time. It includes Wild Weasels, ECM, SAMs, air intercepts, reinforcement of weapons and planes, and detailed ground equations at primary and secondary bases which may be degraded...
Alexandria, VA: Center for Naval Analyses, Systems Evaluation Group, 1971. — 97 p. The Code 50 Nuclear Exchange Model is a war game model produced by the LAMBDA Corporation. This research contribution derives and explains the basic mathematical models used in the computer programs of that model, including models of missile and bomber penetration as well as damage calculation,...
RAND Corp, Santa Monica, CA, 1993. — 41 p. Most models of air and land combat use schemes of aggregation and disaggregation in representing combat systems, in spatial configuration, and in depicting the progress of a battle. For example, the use of firepower scores is an extreme case of aggregation of weapons into a single measure. Combining like systems into weapons...
RAND Corp, Santa Monica, CA, 1993. — 39 p. This Note examines the differences in combat outcomes predicted by models of different resolution applied to identical combat situations. First, hypothetical combat situations are posed, then several models of varying degrees of resolution in the spatial representation, aggregation of forces, and time step are used to predict losses...
RAND Corp, Santa Monica, CA, 1996. — 196 p. RAND has developed and used models of military combat for several decades. Over the years, model-building capabilities have improved dramatically in computer capacity and speed, software for simulation, and experience in modeling. The end of the Cold War has focused attention on representing and modeling new and different challenges...
Army Concepts Analysis Agency, Bethesda, MD, 1984. — 30 p. This paper looks at the personnel casualty estimation methodology used by CAA. The models employed in the estimation process are discussed and the sources of data/rates used by the models are identified. Finally, some of the strengths and limitations of the methodology are listed. Author keywords: Casualty Estimation;...
School of engineering of the air force institute of Technology Air University, 1996. — 138 p. This thesis describes the development of a methodology to model theater-level mobility engineering assets in the Joint Staff's Joint Warfare Analysis Experimental Prototype (JWAEP) and to quantify the joint and Army doctrine that guides the task organization of engineers for combat and...
U.S. Army Materiel Systems Analysis Activity, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD, 1998. — 62 p. Object-oriented programming offers the potential for increased code reuse, maintainability, and ease of developing entity-level simulations. Because of these benefits, the use of object-oriented technologies will increase over time. In order to prevent duplication of effort and the...
Routledge, 2021. — 241 p. This book, first published in 1981, offers a critical review of the techniques of mathematical modelling and their appropriate application to military operations research – the analysis of data (historical data, exercise and test results, and intelligence) in preparation for war. The virtues of sophistication via simplicity, and the beauty of the...
Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA, 1988. — 107 p. A new low resolution land combat model, Method of Screening Operational Concepts of Warfare (MOSCOW), is designed to allow users to evaluate the differences between various war fighting concepts. Briefly stated, this model uses a Lanchesterian square law formulation to compute the quantity of Blue force resources required...
Army command and general staff Coll Fort Leawenworth KS, 1993. — 99 p. Currently the United States Army does not have a standardized, realistic methodology for determining the correlation of forces (COF). This study investigates this issue by examining different methods currently being used to determine the COF. The key to this study is the examination of how to measure combat...
Monterey, California: U.S. Naval Postgraduate School, 1965. — 29 p. The complex interrelationships among offensive, defensive, strategic, tactical, etc. weapon systems and the high cost of research and development, initial procurement, maintenance and operation of today's and the future's weapon complexes have forced decisionmakers to utilize the system analysis or...
Horrigan Analytics, Chicago, IL, 1990. — 90 p. The reported research is a product of a very limited, initial effort to develop configural theory for application to the design and assessment of ship self-defense and fleet air defense weapon systems and to illustrate its importance to analysis, modeling, and simulation in that context. Configural theory is a mathematical theory...
Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Cambridge Lab for Information and Decision Systems, 1989. — 214 p. We consider a class of dynamic resource allocation problems a specific example of which is the Weapon-Target Assignment problem. This problem is concerned with the optimal assignment of resources in a military engagement. These problems are, in general, NP-Complete, so our...
Monterey, California : Naval Postgraduate School, 1979. — 54 p. Following a brief discussion on the need for and the contents of a theory of combat, a conceptual approach to approximate such a theory is proposed and some major previous attempts to establish combat laws are reviewed.
General Research Corp., McLean, 1977. — 108 p. The Tactical Vehicle Fleet Simulation (TVFS) Model is a computerized stochastic representation of vehicle fleet operations. The model accepts descriptions of vehicles comprising a fleet as to capabilities and operational characteristics. Then, based on the generation of mission demands, it dispatches, loads, transits, unloads,...
Monterey, California: Naval Postgraduate School, 1996. — 101 p. Logistics can substantially affect the directions of warfare campaigns. The types of war materiel and their flow rates to field units directly impact the campaign outcome. Although many wargaming and combat simulations have been developed, few models implement the detailed affects of logistics flow. This thesis...
Monterey, California: U.S. Naval Postgraduate School, 1971. — 88 p. This thesis explores the effects of suppressive fire in the dynamics of a fire fight. Lanchester-Type models, in which attrition is proportional to the number of firers , are considered. The classical Lanchester Square-Law has been modified to reflect the effects of suppressive fire through changes in the time...
Naval Postgraduate School. — Monterey, California, 1992. — 54 p. The primary purpose of this study is to offer a methodology to study modern surface warfare in a form suitable to help put the value of a modern surface warship's staying power in the context of overall military worth. A salvo model of combat is developed to compare staying power with offensive firepower and...
Monterey, California: U.S. Naval Postgraduate School, 1988. — 95 p. This thesis investigates and subjectively evaluates four high resolution combat models' algorithmic depiction of a direct firer's target selection under combat conditions. The target selection algorithms of the Janus(T), Janus(L), Carmonette, and STAR models are investigated in detail. The models' target...
Monterey, California: Naval Postgraduate School, 1996. — 98 p. This thesis describes an attack helicopter module for the Joint Warfare Analysis Experimental Prototype (JWAEP), a joint theater level, low resolution stochastic simulation developed at the Naval Postgraduate School. The modeling formulations, required data, and assumptions which are required to portray attack...
Institute For Defense Analyses, Alexandria, VA, 1995. — 70 p. This paper describes a simple, spreadsheet model for estimating the number of naval units (ships or submarines) needed to meet given requirements for deployments, training and services while also being consistent with maintenance requirements and constraints on personnel operating tempo. A simple cost model is...
Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA, 2003. — 75 p. Information superiority can be obtained by enhancement of the command and control system. While weapon systems may have been developed to a point of decreasing returns regarding firepower, command and control (C2) systems can be developed further. The force that has superior C2 may win the fight in the future by information...
Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA, 1979. — 61 p. This thesis explores a method of aggregating the measures of effectiveness of a weapon system from its characteristics. With this method, the constant sum method and multiple regression are used to develop a functional relationship between system effectiveness and system characteristics. As an example, a study of a tank...
Center for Naval Analyses, Alexandria, Virginia, 1996. — 228 p. The purpose of this paper is to provide the theoretical framework and mathematical background necessary to understand and discuss the various ideas of nonlinear dynamics and complex system theory to plant seeds for a later more detailed discussion (provided in Part II of this report) of how these ideas might apply...
Center for Naval Analyses, Alexandria, Virginia, 1996. — 166 p. . The Commanding General, Marine Corps Combat Development Command (MCCDC) asked the Center for Naval Analyses to assess the general applicability of the new science to land warfare. "New Sciences" is a catch-all phrase that refers to the tools and methodologies used in nonlinear dynamics and complex systems theory...
Center for Naval Analyses. — Alexandria, Virginia, 1997. — 386 p. This study is a follow-on effort to a recently completed project, sponsored by the Commanding General, Marine Corps Combat Development Command, that assessed the general applicability of the new sciences to land warfare. "New Sciences" is a catch-all phrase that refers to the tools and methodologies used in...
Monterey, California: Naval Postgraduate School, 2016. — 105 p. Operations research analysts often use a hierarchy of combat models to provide insight to military decision makers. Briefly, lower-level, higher-resolution models provide input to higher-level, lower-resolution models. This allows analysts to explore how engineering and tactics changes can affect campaign...
Computer Sciences Corp., Fort Leavenworth, KS, Combat Developments Research Office, 1972. — 471 p. The volume contains the technical description of the DIVWAG model. The manual presents the DIVWAGS design concept, describes the military reality simulated, and provides the rationale for the modeling approach. The sources or derivation of parameters, equations, and submodels are...
Harry Diamond Labs, Adelphi, MD, 1981. — 76 p. The TACWAR theater-level combat simulation model has been modified to include command, control, and communications degradation (C3/D). Specific areas where C3/D has been incorporated include combat division assets, corps-sector assets, and theater (COMMZ) assets. The results of C3/D impact division combat effectiveness, nuclear and...
Army Combined Arms Combat Developments Activity, Fort Leavenworth, KANS, 1977. — 8 p. This paper generalizes the Zacks model for minefield crossings. Zacks computes in his model the probability of the Nth vehicle crossing a minefield and also the distribution of the number of vehicles crossing the field. Zacks' computations are made under the assumptions that all the vehicles...
BDM CORP, McLean VA, 1978. — 69 p. This volume will discuss the methods with which the INWARS model will represent the ground force units and their interactions with friendly and enemy units. This structure follows in general that used in previous models by BDM, with enhancements made to automate the command control process.
Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA, 1979. — 13 p. This paper presents and analyzes a simple stochastic model for defense against an attacking force of tanks; the defense is made up of a mine field and a single defending tank. The approach of the paper makes use of classical applied probability notions and techniques and explicit algebraic solutions are derived that can...
Air Force Research Lab Eglin, AFB, FL, Munitions Directorate, 1998. — 8 p. The problem of estimating effectiveness of autonomous wide area search munitions will be considered. Due to the large potential search area of these munitions, terms such as single shot Pk are not adequate for evaluating expected success rates. Methods and models must take into account degradation due to...
New York: Springer Science, 1997. — 388 p. — ISBN 9781461378808, 9781461562757. Operations Research (OR) emerged in an effort to improve the effectiveness of newly inducted weapons and equipment during World War II. While rapid growth ofOR led to its becoming an important aid to decision making in all sectors including defense, its contribution in defense remained largely...
Naval Postgraduate School, MONTEREY, CA, Dept Of Mathematics, 1997. — 12 p. Estimation of the expected proportion of an area target destroyed by a salvo of weapons is an important problem in weapons systems effectiveness studies. Analysts sometimes use an approximate formula called the empirical rule for this purpose. Esary demonstrated that this rule consistently over...
Monterey, California: U.S. Naval Postgraduate School, 1980. — 165 p. The point availability of a system of components each of which is subject to random failures and has random restoration times is determined. Each component is assumed to have a fixed number of spares such that when all spares are exhausted no restoration can take place. Exact expressions are obtained for the...
Air Force Inst Of Tech Wright-Patterson, AFB OH, School Of Engineering, 1974. — 96 p. The problem investigated is a method of role determination, using a general purpose of payoff, in a differential game model of aerial combat. Role determination is taken to mean a combatant's selection of a combat objective, based on his relative advantage. The class of game is two person,...
Monterey, California: U.S. Naval Postgraduate School, 1994. — 69 p. This paper presents a method to quantify the value of reconnaissance for both direct and indirect fire weapons for the defense-in-sector battle scenario. The Lanchester area fire model and the Helmbold equations were modified to allow the lethality of the defending blue force to be increased as they gained more...
School of Advanced Military Studies United States Army Command and General Staff College. — Fort Leavenworth, Kansas, 1989. — 55 p. This monograph conducts a statistical analysis of the National Training Center engagement data to determine to what extent that training adheres to the square law. The monograph discusses the theory of the square law, summarizes the findings of...
RAND Corp., Santa Monica, CA, 1969. — 28 p. The paper presents an investigation of the question of how valuable it is to the offense to have countermeasures to prevent the defense from counting the number of units in the force of an air attack. An attacker has a force of bombers or missiles that he is trying to get past a defense position defended by homing missiles; he can...
Army War Coll, Carlisle Barracks, PA, 1983. — 113 p. This study has been designed to take a first step toward identifying the contribution of one non-weapon system, specifically how much installed and properly executed obstacles, located in depth throughout a task force size sector, can enhance the effectiveness of the task force anti-armor weapon systems. Some additional...
Army Concepts Analysis Agency, Bethesda, MD, 1974. — 95p. The Target Acquisition Model (TAM) is a computer simulation model used in the Nonnuclear Ammunition Combat Rates Studies. The model uses basic sensor effectiveness data to simulate acquisition events in a target array. This documentation has been produced as part of the Nonnuclear Ammunition Combat Rates Methodology...
Monterey, California: Naval Postgraduate School, 1990. — 128 p. This investigation of the Combat Air Patrol stationing problem analyzes the geometry of a hypothetical tactical scenario. Expressions to determine the following quantities are derived: (1) the minimum early warning radar detection range required for intercept feasibility; (2) intercept range as measured from the...
Atlantic Association for Research in the Mathematical Sciences. 2005, Vol. 4, No. 3. p. 413–420 Nowadays a modern military historical reconstruction is hard to reach without using computer. In a fortification reconstruction project we have to collect all data in connection with the selected object. The quantity and quality of data depends very much on objects properties such as...
Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA, 2018. — 58 p. This study describes the continuing development of a computer model for the simulation of burst kill probabilities for air defense gun systems firing projectiles at maneuvering aircraft. The computer simulation developed by Keeling is modified by adding a high explosive proximity and contact fuzed round to the simulation....
Stevens Inst Of Tech, Hoboken, NJ, 1975. — 442 p. The AMC '74 Mobility Model is an improved, updated and extended revision of the AMC '71 Mobility Model. The main improvements include: specifications for axle-by-axle traction, braking and resistance calculations with recently developed equations to simulate slippery soil, muskeg and snow interaction; a corrected...
Kanpur: Indian Institute of Technology, 1981. — 138 p. In Close Air Support operations, Army and Air force has co-ordinated and co-operative plane to neutralise enemy's action in the battle field. A request, for this purpose is made by Аrmу authorities to Air force authorities. In this thesis decision making aids, utilizing the modern digital computer to the Air Force commander...
Naval War Coll Newport Ri Dept Of Operations, 1991. — 61 p. High technology innovations in both aircraft and weapon system navigation, target acquisition and terminal guidance can provide extraordinary precision for air- and surface-launched weapon systems. Resultant capabilities provide war fighters with flexibility and an expanded capacity to strike a diverse target set in an...
Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield, 2022. — 69 p. — ISBN 978-1-5381-4053-6. In the past five years, Russia, China, and others have accelerated their development of hypersonic missiles to threaten U.S. forces in the homeland and abroad. The current Ballistic Missile Defense System, largely equipped to contend with legacy ballistic missile threats, must be adapted to this challenge....
Institute for Defense Analyses, 1981. — 73 p. This paper is an expository survey of some aspects of the theory of Lanchester attrition processes and of applications of these processes in models of theater-level combat. Classical Lanchester differentials-including homogeneous and heterogeneous square and linear laws-are discussed. Underlying assumptions and mathematical forms of...
Institute for Defense Analyses, Arlington, Va, 1976. — 76 p. This paper is a summary, review and criticism of the CONAF Evaluation Model, a theater-level simulation of conventional ground and air warfare. The main emphasis is on discussion of attrition processes in terms of underlying assumptions. Geographical, structural, organizational, and decision-making processes are also...
Arlington, Va.: Institute for Defense Analyses, Program Analysis Div., 1976. — 45 p. This paper derives from physical assumptions a class of stochastic attrition processes, some of which are analogous to the deterministic models of F. Lanchester. Shooting weapons are classified as having independent or proportional engagement initiation and as being single-kill or multiple...
Institute аor Defense Analyses, Alexandria, 1975. — 21 p. A mixed-mode, heterogeneous, stochastic Lanchester attrition process is described, which is based on a four-category classification of weapons. Comments are made concerning the distinction between square-law and linear-law combat. Potential applicability of the model in combat simulations is also discussed.
Institute аor Defense Analyses, Alexandria, 1977. — 52 p. This paper is a descriptive and critical review of seven papers on the mathematics of combat attrition prepared by staff members of the Defence Operational Analysis Establishment of the U.K. The papers reviewed are A Bivariate Probability Distribution; The Moments of the Distribution of Battle States; Homogeneous Battles...
Institute For Defense Analyses, Alexandria, VA, 1977. — 25 p. This paper discusses mathematical, physical, and logical properties of the attrition/FEBA movement calculations in the Lulejian-I theater-level combat model. An erroneous counterexample in this writer's previous paper, 'On the Lulejian-I Combat Model', is acknowledged and a correct counterexample demonstrating...
Institute аor Defense Analyses, Alexandria, VA, 1975. — 12 p. A general, heuristic scheme for classification of combat processes is presented. The context of the classification is that of computer simulation of theater-level, nonnuclear combat. General comments on attrition modeling are made and preferred attrition models are suggested for certain combat situations.
Institute for defense analyses. — Alexandria, Virginia, 1990. — 99 p. This paper examines a class of combat processes where one side's resources are evenly distributed along a barrier and the other side attempts to penetrate that barrier. Starting from a set of straightforward assumptions, the paper derives exact or approximate expressions for the expected number of shots fired...
Alexandria, VA: Institute for Defense Analyses, Program Analysis Division, 1981. — 208 p. The problem of allocation of defensive resources in nationwide defense against strategic nuclear attack is examined. Distinctive assumptions are that defenses are local, that attacking weapons directed at each target arrive sequentially (requiring that interceptors be allocated without...
Institute for Defense Analyses, Alexandria, VA, 1974. — 55 p. The paper provides underlying sets of assumptions and rigorous derivations of certain static combat attrition processes. Considered are a homogeneous point fire process, a heterogeneous point fire process, and an area fire process. Each set of assumptions is complete, concise, unambiguous, and as general--both...
Institute аor Defense Analyses, Alexandria, VA, 1975. — 21 p. Results of computerized Monte Carlo simulations of a stochastic, homogeneous Lanchester square-law attrition process are described. Topics investigated include expected numbers of survivors at fixed times, iterated calculations of expected numbers of survivors, and probabilities of forcing the opposing side below a...
Institute For Defense Analyses, Alexandria, VA, 1977. — 51 p. This paper is a reviewed and critique of the IDAGAM I theater-level simulation model of conventional air-ground warfare. The principal emphasis is on identification and analysis of assumptions underlying the attrition equations used in the model. Also treated are organization, geography, resources, and FFBA movement...
Institute for defense analyses, Alexandria, VA, 1976. — 66 p. This paper contains a review and summary of the Lulejian-I combat model together with comments and criticisms concerning the model. Emphases are on discussion of attrition equations in terms of underlying families of assumptions, on the optimization aspects of the model, and on the iterative model used in the model...
Institute For Defense Analyses, Alexandria, VA, 1976. — 44 p. This paper is a summary, review, and criticism of the Vector-I combat simulation model. Geographical, structural and organizational aspects of the model are treated, but the main emphasis is on consideration of attrition equations in terms of underlying sets of assumptions. Throughout the purpose of the paper is to...
Institute For Defense Analyses, Alexandria, VA, 1977. — 79 p. This paper is a review and critique of the VECTOR-2 theater-level simulation model of conventional ground-air combat. Aspects of the model analyzed are organization and general structure, environment, resources and logistics, command, control and communication processes, attrition in ground combat, attrition in...
Institute for Defense Analyses. — Arlington, Virginia, 1974. — 142 p. The purpose of the research effort summarized in the paper is to give a careful, rigorous, and unified structure to a class of stochastic attrition models originated by F. W. Lanchester. For each of ten attrition processes are stated a concise but complete set of assumptions from which are rigorously derived...
CCRP Publications, 2006. — 224 p. — (CCRP Publication Series). The Command and Control Research Program (CCRP) has the mission of improving DoD’s understanding of the national security implications of the Information Age. Focusing upon improving both the state of the art and the state of the practice of command and control, the CCRP helps DoD take full advantage of the...
A report prepared for US air force project RAND. 1974, 119 p. General description of TOTEM. Basic elements of TOTEM. General description of TALLY. Basic elements of TALLY. Appendix.
Naval Surface Weapons Center, Silver Spring, MD, 1980. — 79 p. Estimates of the probability of cloud-free lines of sight (PCFLOS) were calculated for a set of nine angles using a modification of Lund and Shanklin's universal method from lower cloud weather data taken at fifteen marine locations. The data compilation covers periods from five to seven years (1964-1971) and...
Canyon Research Group Inc., Westlake, Village, CA, 1979. — 141 p. A study was conducted to define measures of Air Combat Maneuvering (ACM) for one-versus-one (lvl) free engagements on the Simulator for Air-to-Air Combat (SAAC). The study found a small set of measures which were (a) sensitive to differences in pilot ACM skill level, (b) diagnostic of performance proficiencies...
Research Analysis Corp., McLean, VA, 1967. — 75 p. This paper describes a theater-level combat simulation developed to measure the effectiveness of combat troops deployed to various theaters of operations under varying levels of troop availability. Unlike a war game, a simulation permits extensive sensitivity analyses of the impact of uncertain assumptions or changes in the...
Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA, 1977. — 57 p. Many current army combat simulation models require digitized terrain inputs for their execution, resulting in a costly and time-consuming operation. A methodology to generate parametric terrain as a function of the number of hill masses and the height, location, spread, and slope of the hills is presented in this paper....
Monterey, California: U.S. Naval Postgraduate School, 1980. — 109 p. This thesis presents a design for a simulation of the ammunition and fuel combat service support activities that are an integral function of a U.S. brigade battle. The model expands the existing Simulation of Tactical Alternative Pesponses (STAP) model to simulate the combat leader's logistical decision logic...
School of engineering of the air force institute of Technology Air University, 2005. — 161 p. The optimal employment of autonomous search and destroy vehicles is addressed. The results apply to air, land, or water vehicles with 1, k, or infinite warheads. The specific scenarios considered involve an air vehicle searching a battle space for stationary targets in the presence of...
Army War Coll Carlisle Barracks, PA, 1989. — 45 p. Human participation and influence dominate combat, but the effects of human factors or performance are frequently neglected in the Army's combat models. A need exists for better representation of the human dimension of combat in our simulation models. This study develops a concept and method for modeling combat fatigue -- one...
Naval Postgraduate School. — Monterey, California, 1980. — 90 p. This thesis examines the differences of deterministic and stochastic LANCHESTER-type combat models. Using an example of square-law attrition, solution methods and solutions are described. A new analytic solution for equal attrition rate coefficients is given. The numerical comparison includes hypotheses about the...
School of engineering of the air force institute of Technology Air University, 1995. — 493 p. A blueprint for analyzing doctrine with respect to its relationship to combat victory was developed and then used to develop 14 measures of doctrinal conformance to four of the Tenets of Army Operations doctrine-Agility, Depth, Initiative, and Synchronization.
Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD: Army Research Lab, 1994. — 140 p. A Component Pk/H workshop was conducted to recommend a program to solve a particular VLD-wide problem. An ancillary benefit was to determine the effectiveness of the TQM techniques being promulgated within the BRL/ARL. The workshop defined the problem and the process involved in reaching a specific solution. Guided...
Air Force Inst Of Tech Wright-Patterson, AFB, OHIO, School Of Engineering, 1979. — 72 p. This thesis presents a methodology which simulates the activity, near the FEBA, of the Army's attack helicopter and the activity of hostile artillery in two formats : uniformly distributed area fire and precision fire against a point target as directed by a forward observer. A stochastic...
General Research Corp., McLean, 1977. — 14 p. This documentation of the Tactical Vehicle Fleet Simulation (TVFS) model was conducted by General Research Corporation (GRC) in an effort to provide the U.S. Army Logistics Center the necessary information for implementing and running the TVFS model. As another task within this contract, GRC provided a computer tape of the model's...
Alexandria, VA: Institute for Defense Analyses, 1999. — 37 p. The Weapon Optimization and Resource Requirements Model (WORRM) has been used in support of a number of studies. For example, earlier versions of the model were used in the FY95 Heavy Bomber Force Study, and in the Deep Attack Weapons Mix Study (DAWMS)-both the weapons mix and B-2 analyses. WORRM is a one-sided...
Logistics Management Inst., Washington, DC, 1981. — 196 p. Sortie-Generation Model (SGM) Programmer's Manual, specifies the details of the computer programs, file structures, job control language, and operating environment of the SGM.
Naval Postgraduate School. — Monterey, California, 1979. — 225 p. This thesis presents a deterministic simulation model for the dynamic selection of offensive tactical movement routes. The factors which influence route selection are identified, and the performance objectives that are to be optimized are defined. Alternative modeling concepts are investigated, and one method is...
RAND Corp., Santa Monica, CA, 1980. — 61 p. Procurement decisions regarding Department of Defense satellite systems are usually based upon the assumption of a reliable and dependable launch system. Attempts to relate disruptions of launch operations to numbers of satellites on-orbit are often in the form of discrete-event simulations (requiring significant numbers of data...
Monterey, California: Naval Postgraduate School, 2006. — 34 p. Unmanned Combat Aerial Vehicles (UCAVs) are advanced weapon systems that can loiter autonomously in a pack over a target area, detect and acquire the targets, and then engage them. Modeling these capabilities in a specific hostile operational setting is necessary for addressing weapons' design and operational...
Monterey, California: U.S. Naval Postgraduate School, 1984. — 122 p. A general network methodology for combat processes is presented in this thesis for use in the Airland Research Model. Specifically, two processes are developed in detail: the underlying transportation system and the command and control connectivity structure. Attributes necessary to support representation of...
Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA, 1999. — 100 p. Anti-air warfare (AAW) has been a top priority for the world's navies in developing tactics and choosing the most effective ship defense systems. Analyses of such extremely complex system behaviors require the utilization of innovative tools that are flexible, scalable and reusable. This thesis develops a model as an...
Monterey, California: Naval Postgraduate School, 2005. — 145 p. Nearly all armies of the Western Hemisphere use modeling simulation tools as an essential part of performing analysis and training their leaders and war fighters. Tremendous resources have been applied to increase the level of fidelity and detail with which real combat units are represented in computer simulations....
Military Academy West Point, NY, Operations Research Center, 2005. — 59 p. In recent years, the Department of Defense has increased use of modeling and simulation (M&S) to augment and speed the acquisition of new defense systems. This work has included recent interest in using M&S to test new systems at all phases of the design life cycle. A test plan which leverages M&S...
Monterey, California: Naval Postgraduate School, Springfield, Va, 1991. — 150 p. This thesis describes, extends, and explores the validity of Hatzopoulos Naval Combat Model of modern surface warship missile engagements. An extensive sensitivity analysis is conducted to determine how the model's output is affected by changes in force alertness and scouting effectiveness. The...
Monterey, California: Naval Postgraduate School, 1984. — 75 p. This thesis explores the problem of determining the relative worth of small-arms in a combined arms scenario by using aggregated models. The documentation of current operational models is reviewed to see how the effects of small-arms have been represented in general, and in large-scale aggregated-force models in...
Air Force Inst Of Tech Wright-Patterson, AFB, OH, School Of Engineering, 1972. — 78 p. A historical verification, comparing data with model predictions, was made between the results of three World War 2 bombing missions and the outcome which was obtained by allowing an analytical model to 'replay' the battles. The model used to predict bomber force size as a function of time...
Air Force Inst Of Tech Wright-Patterson, AFB OH, School Of Engineering, 1989. — 109 p. This thesis attempts to develop an equation, based on expert opinion, that models the appraisal of combat power. The motivation came from identifying a shortcoming in the assignment of combat power in the AirLand Research Model (ALARM). A link is needed to join the Basic Inherent Power (BIP)...
Logistics Management Institute McLean, VA, 2004. — 39 p. The report describes analytical tasks performed for OSD/PA&E TACAIR during the period from June 2003 through September 2004. The report describes a probabilistic model of campaigns for air superiority between two opponents, an analysis of force concentration in deterministic Lanchester campaigns, and an analysis of...
Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA, 1988. — 120 p. This thesis analyzes a high resolution deterministic combat model. Actual Republic of Korea (ROK) terrain data is employed in the model. The goal of the thesis is to analyze key parameters which are routinely used in high resolution combat models. These parameters are attrition rate coefficients, force size, courses of...
Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA, 1972. — 40 p. Combat attrition can be modelled as either a determistic or a stochastic process. In the thesis the forecasts of combat outcomes generated by deterministic and stochastic Lanchester-type models for combat between two homogeneous forces are compared. Using stochastic formulations, the probability of winning is studied and...
Monterey, California: U.S. Naval Postgraduate School, 1976. — 56 p. This thesis considers the problem of estimating Lanchester attrition rate coefficients for an aggregated Lanchester type theater level combat model, BALFRAM, which has been used for various high level defense planning purposes. Several alternative coefficient estimation methodologies are examined, with their...
Loral Systems Co, Orlando, FL, ADST Program Office, 1993. — 228 p. In support of Army initiatives to meet future command, control, and communication (C3) challenges, the Combat Vehicle Command and Control (CVCC) research and development program has evaluated automated C3 technology, using soldier-in-the-loop simulation. The CVCC system includes a digital Position Navigation...
BDM CORP McLean VA, 1979. — 124 p. This report describes the first phase of development of analytical assessment tools in support of the Department of Defense Theater Nuclear Forces Survivability and Security Program. An overall framework within which measures of effectiveness for theater nuclear force survivability and security can be used to judge the value of technological,...
Air Force Inst of Tech Wright-Patterson AFB, OH, School of Engeineering, 1988. — 115 p. Research and evaluation were conducted to determine if an adaptive maneuvering target could be utilized for air-to-air combat simulation in the Large Amplitude Multimode Aerospace Research Simulator (LAMARS). A computer program was developed, based on Quest Corporation's Smart Target, which...
Monterey, California: Naval Postgraduate School, 2005. — 121 p. Many military Intelligence Surveillance and Reconnaissance (ISR) operations would benefit greatly from a fleet of disparate sensor-bearing UAVs that are tightly integrated via a communications network work cooperatively for a common operational objective enhance situation awareness of the areas of operation and...
London: Rowman & Littlefield, 2019. — 243 p. New military technologies are animated by fantasies of perfect knowledge, lawfulness, and vision that contrast sharply with the very real limits of human understanding, law, and vision. Thus, various kinds of violent acts are proliferating while their precise nature remains unclear. Especially man–machine ensembles, guided by...
Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA, 1995. — 72 p. This thesis outlines the process of Special Force Operations for strategic objectives in theater-level warfare. The thesis designs and develops three models of these operations that can be implemented in Joint Warfare Analysis Experimental Prototype model. The first model is the Target model which selects the Special...
Monterey, California: Naval Postgraduate School, 2013. — 25 p. Two forces engage in a duel, with each force initially consisting of several heterogeneous units. Each unit can be assigned to fire at any opposing unit, but the kill rate depends on the assignment. As the duel proceeds, each force -- knowing which units are still alive in real time -- decides dynamically how to...
Rand Corp., Santa Monica, Calif, 1979. — 39 p. AGATE is a dynamic, two-sided, expected-value, combat-interaction model of ground battle, including air attacks on ground targets and counterair defenses by ground forces. It is designed to measure the impact of (a) weapon system characteristics, (b) organizational structure, (c) doctrine and tactics, and (d) terrain and...
Air Force Inst Of Tech, Wright-Patterson, AFB OH, 1998. — 151 p. The US Air Force uses many combat simulation models to assist them in performing combat analyses. BRAWLER is a high-resolution air-to-air combat simulation model used for engagement-level analyses of few-on-few air combat. THUNDER is a low-resolution combat simulation model used for campaign-level analyses of...
Monterey, California ; Naval Postgraduate School, 1971. — 45 p. This thesis examines the effect of attack velocity on the outcome of Lanchester- type engagements between forces with range dependent kill-rates. Range dependent (linear and quadratic) kill-rates are considered, and analytic solutions to Lanchester- type equations are utilized in this study. By varying the attack...
Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA, 1972. — 62 p. A model is developed which relates the structure of a combat unit to its expected effectiveness during a time interval. Sensitivity to variations of structure is incorporated into the model by adapting effectiveness concepts from reliability theory, and by constructing the attrition process as a continuous parameter Markov...
Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA, 1981. — 170 p. This thesis presents the foundation for a stochastic simulation model that will represent dismounted infantry combat in urban terrain. The Simulation of Tactical Alternative Responses, STAR, ground-air combat model, which represents the parent simulation program for this proposed representation of urban combat, will be...
Naval Weapons Lab, Dahlgren, VA, 1968. — 84 p. The Ground Combat Confrontation (GCC) Model is a computerized simulation of selected aspects of ground combat and is coded in STRAP for the IBM 7030 (STRETCH) computer. The purpose of this report is to document the assessment techniques employed in the fire-fight portion of the GCC Model, which is called the Fire-Fight Submodel....
US Army Concepts Analysis Agency, Woodmont Avenu, Bethesda, MD 2014, 1980, 111 p. The Concepts Evaluation Model (CEM) 1s a fully automated, deterministic combat simulation that can simulate months of theater land and air combat 1n a few hours on a computer. A unique feature of the CEM is the simulation and automation of the commanders1 decision processes and utilization of...
Naval Postgraduate School. — Monterey, California, 1994. — 131 p. This paper presents an automated model for generating courses of action in support of an Operations Other Than War (OOTW) simulation. The model simulates the decision making of a theater level staff in the OOTW humanitarian assistance mission environment. The model uses probabilistic forecasting models and...
Ketron Inc., Arlington, VA, 1982. — 81 p. This final report gives the results of an effort to adapt an abstract 'theory of combat' architecture which was developed for land warfare to the sea control aspects of naval warfare. The differences between the two forms of warfare are discussed, in terms of the applicability of the Principles of War, the geophysical and operational...
Alexandria: Institute for Defense Analyses, 1974. — 150 p. The IDA Ground-Air Model I (IDAGAM I) is a deterministic, fully-automated, theater-level model of non-nuclear combat between two opposing forces. Level of detail of IDAGAM I Theater structure Resources Description of IDAGAM I Model structure Summary description of the air-combat model Summary description of the...
Alexandria: Institute for Defense Analyses, 1974. — 100 p. The IDA Ground-Air Model I (IDAGAM I) is a deterministic, fully-automated, theater-level model of non-nuclear combat between two opposing forces. Program, overlays, and subroutines Definitions of variables
Alexandria: Institute for Defense Analyses, 1974. — 104 p. The IDA Ground-Air Model I (IDAGAM I) is a deterministic, fully-automated, theater-level model of non-nuclear combat between two opposing forces. Maximum number of resources and other quantities that can be played Three types of variables that represent physical quantities A discussion of these types A list of variables...
Alexandria: Institute for Defense Analyses, 1974. — 148 p. The IDA Ground-Air Model I (IDAGAM I) is a deterministic, fully-automated, theater-level model of non-nuclear combat between two opposing forces. Structure of IDAGAM I computer program Machine conversion Preparation of inputs Description of outputs Appendices Sample output Relationships among variables Variable sizes...
Decision-Science Applications Inc. Arlington, VA, 1978. — 221 p. This report describes the application of value-driven decision theory to the modeling of command, control, and communications, (C3) in computerized combat simulations. Value-driven decision theory provides an unusually powerful method for representing C3 in combat simulations, in that the theory provides an...
Systems Engineering Group, Wright-Patterson, AFB, OH, 1965. — 61 p. A mathematical representation, with detection probability used as a measure of detection capability, is formulated for constant velocity moving- target-by-moving patrol detection where the patrol employs simple pattern movements. The most essential idea pervading the theory is that the space-time target region...
Army War Coll Carlisle Barracks, PA, 1984. — 25 p. A combat model governed by a system of partial differential equations involving both spatial and time dependence is analyzed from the perspective of a military operational planner. Recent Soviet military literature alludes to such a model, which appears to differ significantly from present United States combat modeling...
San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, 1994. — 28 p. Two Russian Professors, Dr. Krasnoschekov and Dr. Savin, met with several faculty members at San Diego State University to discuss combat modeling, including a complete derivation and discussion of the space-time combat model. Also included in the discussions, were a history of the recent development of combat modeling in...
DGA/DSP/STTC Armees (France) Complex System Engineering Dept., 2003. — 32 p. New concepts for the future air-land combat have been defined, which are based on a system of systems approach and take advantage on the recent technological advances such as robotic vehicles and miniaturized sensors or systems. In order to explore the various concepts and to start the feasibility and...
Air Force Inst of Tech Wright-Patterson AFB, OH, School of Engeineering, 1973. — 252 p. The mathematical theory of perfect information, zero-sum, differential games is used as an analytical tool to learn as much as possible about the one-on-one, air-to-air combat problem and the problem parameters which have major effect on its outcome. The primary emphasis is on differential...
Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA, 1982. — 110 p. This thesis represents an analysis of the effects of Electronic Warfare (EW) on the outcome of a battle from the high resolution combat simulation model STAR (Simulated Tactical Alternative Responses). The analysis was performed on data generated by the STAR model. An overview of the STAR model and an explanation of the EW...
DSTO Aeronautical and Maritime Research Laboratory, Melbourne Victoria, Australia, 2000. — 66 p. This report provides a detailed guide to the application of the USAF model, THUNDER, to air campaign analysis. All of the steps required to perform an analysis are considered, from setting up and debugging the extensive databases through to running the model and its associated...
Monterey, California: Naval Postgraduate School, 2007. — 104 p. This thesis develops a Littoral Combat Model of interactions between Naval Ships at sea and Anti-Ship Cruise Missile Batteries on land. The Littoral Combat Model seeks to answer the question: Is a modern naval force capable of effectively operating in the dangerous littoral environment? The model is derived from a...
Gainesville: Florida Univ Dept Of Industrial And Systems Engineering, 1985. — 23 p. This report consists of a collection of the relevant equations which are developed in Volumes I, II, III, and IV ''Variability of Measures of Weapons Effectiveness''. The equations presented are for the estimation of the weapon probability of kill and for the variance of the probability of kill...
Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA, 1986. — 114 p. A computer program simulating an anti-air operation conducted from the Combat Information Center (CIC) of a ship was written in the C language to run on an MSDOS personal computer. This program simulates the main functions of a C.I.C. and incorporates into the NPS interactive simulation of an engagement at sea (ISEAS) with...
Air Force Wargaming Center, Maxwell AFB, AL, 1991. — 238 p. This thesis provides a foundation to build a new theater level computerized wargame for the Air Force Wargaming Center, Maxwell AFB, Alabama to replace the Theater War Exercise (TWX), also known as Agile. Given a recently developed land battle, this thesis' effort links US Air Force doctrine with a conceptual model’s...
Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA, 1989. — 73 p. A microcomputer-based optimization model for short-term allocation of field artillery fire is developed and evaluated. The Artillery Optimization Model utilizes a mixed integer linear program that takes available targets, weights the targets by performing Target Value Analysis, and assigns firing units specific amounts and...
Monterey, California: Naval Postgraduate School, 2009. — 120 p. The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Research and Development Center's (ERDC) Battlespace Terrain Reasoning and Awareness-Battle Command (BTRA-BC) Battle Engine (BBE) is a tool that enables command staffs to semi-automate the creation and evaluation of potential courses of action (COA) for use in military planning. The...
Marina del Rey, California: R And D Associates, 1975. — 142 p. This report presents the results of work undertaken to identify and describe land combat simulation models applicable for evaluating the use of tactical nuclear weapons. Part I of the report discusses the primary kinds of land combat models that have been developed, identifies the types best suited for sensitivity...
Monterey, California: U.S. Naval Postgraduate School, 1996. — 148 p. This thesis develops a low-resolution stochastic simulation model to assess the impact of the intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance components of C4ISR, and strike capabilities on the mission success of a United States carrier battle group (CVBG). The simulation uses a stochastic approach to model a...
L.: Springer, 2011. - 273p. Militarized Conflict Modeling UsingComputational Intelligence examines the application of computational intelligence methods to model conflict. Traditionally, conflict has been modeled using game theory. The inherent limitation of game theory when dealing with more than three players in a game is the main motivation for the application of...
Monterey, California: Naval Postgraduate School, 2007. — 77 p. Simulation is one of the most widely used techniques in operations research. In the military context, agent-based simulations have been extensively used by defense agencies worldwide. Despite the numerous disadvantages and limitations associated with time- stepping, most of the combat-oriented agent-based simulation...
Monterey, California: Naval Postgraduate School, 1976. — 136 p. This thesis discusses design considerations for Lanchester-Type Models of Warfare (LATMW) . It establishes a framework for setting minimum design standards for such combat models. We formalize these considerations in a Minimum Evaluation Framework (MEF) for combat models. The state-of-the-art for models is briefly...
CNA Analysis and Solutions, Arlington VA, 2004. — 163 p. This paper is part of CNA's project on military experimentation. The project s products are: The Art of Military Experimentation (this document) The Practice of Military Experimentation, and Wotan's Workshop: Military Experiments Before World War II. The different products are intended to serve different readers purposes....
Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA, 1999. — 80 p. This thesis addresses the military value of information in conflict. It is composed of three complimentary experiments. The first experiment uses a simple contest to assess how military decision makers perceive and use information. The results of the experiment demonstrate that many military decision makers do not always...
Naval Postgraduate School. — Monterey, California, 1982. — 182 p. This thesis investigates the estimation of Lanchester attrition-rate coefficients in a deterministic aggregated combat model. Numerical values for the attrition-rate coefficients in the Lanchester-type model are taken to be the same as those for a corresponding continuous-time Markov-chain model and maximum...
Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA, 1983. — 181 p. This thesis presents an interactive computer program called MASK which generates radar and optical line-of-sight coverage envelopes based on terrain masking and refractive propagation effects. MASK is designed primarily as an aid in planning air strikes against radar defended land targets and has additional applications to...
Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA, 1995. — 69 p. A model of an Army Deep Operations Coordination Cell (DOCC) Combat Decisionmaking process (CDP) is presented. The model was developed from U.S. Army doctrine and current U.S. Army Corps Command Centers. Each of the functions of the DOCC CDP were identified and linked together in a functional flow chart. The distribution for...
Monterey, California: U.S. Naval Postgraduate School, 1986. — 105 p. This thesis extends the development of the AirLand Research Model (ALARM), an on-going research effort at the Naval Postgraduate School (NPS), in the areas of maneuver unit allocation and countermobility planning at the battalion level. The feasibility and desirability of multiple algorithms to determine enemy...
Monterey, California: U.S. Naval Postgraduate School, 1973. — 63 p. This thesis considers mathematical techniques for computing the optimal allocation of weapons from m different systems against n undefended targets. A standard nonlinear programming problem is considered. A discussion is given on John Danskin's Algorithm for the determination of the optimal values of the...
Menlo Park, California: Stanford Research Institute (SRI), Naval Warfare Research Center, 1973. — 256 p. This document is a guide to fire support mix evaluation techniques. The Guide results from research conducted with the overall objective of identifying a comprehensive methodology for evaluating fire support system mixes. The Guide proper is in four parts. Part I contains...
Monterey, California: U.S. Naval Postgraduate School, 2001. — 97 p. There are inherent similarities between the numerous ground combat entities and the numerous ground combat operations. In combat entities there exist common characteristics such as the ability to move, shoot, communicate and more. The levels that each entity is able to operate for these characteristics...
Picatinny Arsenal, Dover, NJ, 1973. — 17 p. The purpose of this section is to present a model for analyzing the effectiveness of mine clearing plows mounted in front of the tracks of a tank in a AM minefield. The plow's function is to sweep AM mines away from the path of the tank's tracks thereby preventing a track - AM mine contact, thus increasing the tank's survivability....
Fort Leavenworth, KS: Army Tradoc Analysis Command, 1990. — 37 p. This report describes a methodology put into a preprocessor program for computer war-game models. The preprocessor computes kill rates or probability of kills (Pk) for selected direct-fire weapons against selected targets. These are input data used by the War-game models. The methodology is an expansion to a...
Fort Leavenworth, KS: Army Tradoc Analysis Command, 1990. — 42 p. This report describes a methodology put into a preprocessor for computer wargame models. The preprocessor computes kill rates or probability of kills (Pk) for selected direct fire weapons against selected targets. These are input data used by the wargame models. The methodology replaced a methodology already in...
Thesis. — Monterey, California: U.S. Naval Postgraduate School, 1972. — 44 p. In order to analyze ambush tactics of small units, a generalization of Lanchester Theory of Combat to a set of Lanchester-type equations modeling small force guerilla engagements is used. The tactic investigated is that of the double ambush, wherein the ambushing force is divided to stage two...
Washington DC: Naval Research Lab, 1990. — 27 p. This report describes a sequence of engagement problems faced by a mid-course battle manager acting within a three tier defensive system against a ballistic missile threat. Then the authors discuss a set of weapons allocation algorithms available to solve these problems. Since the weapons allocation problem has been shown to be...
Armament Systems Inc., Anaheim, CA, 1976. — 100 p. The Indirect Fire Model Computer Program computes effort and effectiveness measures of artillery systems in a war game situation. Effort is measured in terms of cost and weight of ammunition expended against a list of area targets. Effectiveness is measured in the amount of personnel and materiel damage inflicted. Each target...
U.S. Army Research Institute for the Behavioral and Social Sciences, 1982. — 195 p. Because human factors are not explicitly represented in the combat simulations employed by the Army, a detailed review was made of how 112 combat processes are represented in the following simulations: CARMONETTE, BLDM, DIVLEV, FOURCE, JIFFY, VECTOR-2, CEM, McCLINTIC, and CASTFOREM. From the...
Monterey, California: Naval Postgraduate School, 1968. — 205 p. The problem of determining a survivability index for an attack aircraft, penetrating a missile only defense, is formulated as an iterative linear programming model. The costs for the linear program are determined from a simpli- fied radar detection model and a pilot visual navigation model. The costs which are...
Naval Postgraduate School. — Monterey, California, 1980. — 86 p. This thesis provides the student of combat modelling with a computer program for a relatively simple combat model that can be used in a classroom environment for study and analysis. The model is an aggregated, force-on-force ground-combat model that uses Lanchester's aimed-fire equations for casualty assessment....
Monterey, California: Naval Postgraduate School, 2004. — 154 p. High-resolution combat simulations that model urban combat currently use computationally expensive algorithms to represent urban target acquisition at the entity level. While this may be suitable for small-scale urban combat scenarios, simulation run time can become unacceptably long for larger scenarios....
Advisory Group for Aerospace Research and Development Neuilly-Sur-Seine (France), 1980. — 554 p. These Proceedings consist of the papers and discussions presented at the Avionics Panel Meeting on Modeling and Simulation held in Paris, France, October 1979. Papers were divided as follows: 6-Tutorial, 8-C3 System Simulation, 5-Airborne Surveillance System Simulation, 5-Manned...
General Accounting Office, Washington, DC, Program Analysis Div, 1980. — 153 p. A prominent feature of modern Government is the extent to which the executive branch has institutionalized quantitative methodology (cost-effectiveness analysis, computer modeling, etc.) as an aspect of budgeting and decision-making. Proponents term this 'scientific management,' and view it as a...
Farnborough, UK: Defence Science and Technology Laboratory, 2002. — 14 p. The uncertainties of future scenarios require us to carefully investigate the real problems and issues to be addressed in modelling and analysis of Command and Control. This problem formulation process then needs to be supported by new tools for problem solution. In consequence, a new generation of...
Santa Monica, CA: RAND Corp., 2004. — 27 p. In most current ground force combat simulations, the operational movements and command intent of forces follow prescribed, inflexible objectives and plans. Because of this limitation, the value of advanced intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance (ISR) and high-level fusion is reflected only in better targeting and not in...
Air Force Inst Of Tech Wright-Patterson, AFB, OH, School Of Engineering, 1981. — 96 p. This thesis investigates MX survivability when a terminal ballistic missile defense system known as Low Altitude Defense (LOAD) is deployed. LOAD will defend the MX missile with three high-speed, nuclear armed interceptor missiles. This research determines a best strategy for the use of the...
Air Force Inst of Tech Wright-Patterson AFB, OH, School of Engineering, 1992. — 225 p. The Air Force Institute of Technology is one of few institutions that teaches combat modeling. Combat models are typically dynamic computer simulations of specialized dynamic processes. Great difficulty exists in portraying these dynamic and recurrent processes with conventional static...
Naval Postgraduate School. — Monterey, CA, 1980. — 39 p. A dynamical model is proposed for C3 information that explicitly incorporates effects of counter-C3 activities. The model assumes an inevitable growth of uncertainty inherent in military situations that is only counteracted by continuously importing new information into the system. Counter-C3 activities are modeled as...
Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA, 1983. — 40 p. In this paper, five different two-species nonlinear evolution equations are described that represent, (a) mixed attrition Lanchester combat with resupply and (b) four different models of information war. Their dynamical properties are analyzed and it is shown that four of the five are environmentally unstable. The meaning...
Monterey, California: U.S. Naval Postgraduate School, 1983. — 40 p. In this paper, five different two-species non-linear evolution equations are described that represent, (a) mixed attrition Lanchester combat with resupply and (b) four different models of information war. Their dynamical properties are analyzed and it is shown that four of the five are environmentally unstable....
Alexandria, Virginia: Center for Naval Analyses, Operations Evaluation Group, 1946. — 320 p. In a same, this this bookshould have no authors names, or else several pages full of names. Parts of the book were written by various persons during the past five years. What the undersighed have done is to collect the material, rewrite some in the light of inter knowledge, expand some...
Monterey, California: TRADOC Analysis Center, 2017. — 130 p. The purpose of this memorandum is to provide documentation of research for the Army G3/5/7 Munitions Management Division and Center for Army Analysis (CAA) by the TRADOC Analysis Center, Monterey (TRAC-MTRY). The focus of the research is to improve the current methodology employed by CAA in modeling precision-guided...
Monterey, California: Naval Postgraduate School, 1989. — 68 p. The Commander on the modern battlefield has the responsibility of supervising more assets and evaluating more information than ever before. Therefore, there exists a need an aid to assist the commander in selecting a recommended course of action. The purpose of this thesis was to develop a tactical decision aid...
Fort Leavenworth, Kansas: U.S. Army Command and General Staff College (CGSC), School of Advanced Military Studies, 1989. — 41 p. What is the relevance of the Military Conflict Institute's (TMCI's) new military combat theory for the tactical commander? The answer to this question highlights the long debate over the role of science and art in the commander's estimate, a debate...
Naval Postgraduate School. — Monterey, California, 1987. — 134 p. This thesis investigates methodologies used for attrition coefficient generation in aggregate combat models and the effect of these specific approaches on acceptable portrayal of combat dynamics and weapon system weighting in subsequent output interpretations. Particular attention is given to the subjective...
Army Concepts Analysis Agency, Bethesda, MD, 1996. — 90 p. The US Army has become a force based primarily in the United States, which increases the need to transport units rapidly overseas. The study is sponsored by ODCSLOG and involves the prioritization of about 400 deployment enhancements that are competing for funding in the 1996-2001 timeframe, at a cost of about $4...
Monterey, California: Naval Postgraduate School, 1980. — 129 p. The increased need of evaluation of recent worldwide operational contingencies leads various military-staff and defense-planning agencies to use an existing theater-level-combat simulation for such evaluation work. In this context, the ATLAS (A Tactical, Logistical, and Air Simulation) model is a candidate. This...
Army Command And General Staff Coll, Fort Leavenworth, KANS, 1977. — 71 p. The first part of the model consists of simulating the smoke employment tactics within a given tactical scenario. Input variables pertaining to command guidance, type of operation, weather conditions, and weapons and ammunition available provide the setting, At the appropriate time during the battle,...
Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA, 1976. — 87 p. This study presents and evaluates a methodology for parameterizing terrain for use in land combat analysis. The current procedure is to use digitized data which is compiled from actual terrain by engineer surveys and photo-interpretation. However, for those studies which do not require exact representation of terrain, a...
Air Force Inst of Tech Wright-Patterson AFB, OH, School of Engeineering, 1990. — 114 p. The Theater War Exercise (TWX) is a four day, theater level, two sided, airpower employment decision-making exercise run at the Air Force Wargaming Center, Maxwell AFB, Alabama. Decisions made by the exercise participants are fed into TWX's air and land battle simulation programs, which then...
Air War Coll, Maxwell AFB, AL, 1989. — 50 p. The difficulties of identification (ID) of aircraft in combat are well known and documented. This paper explains ID problems and the various technical solutions being considered or implemented by the USAF and NATO forces, and discusses the strengths and weaknesses of each. It then advances a method to mathematically combine the...
Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA, 1985. — 73 p. The current Combat Active Replacement Factor (CARF) generation system is examined, and possible changes are discussed. A new system within the Marine Corps would be enhanced by use of a combat model to produce attrition estimates, and several existing models are surveyed. Criteria for comparing combat models are discussed...
Institute For Defense Analyses, Alexandria, VA, 1993. — 43 p. Models of human search and target acquisition are typically based on the assumption of an independent glimpse probability leading to an exponential model of target acquisition probability. This can be extended to the case of obscurants which intermittently interrupt the line of sight to any point of the image field...
Institute For Defense Analyses, Alexandria, VA, 1994. — 103 p. Search is currently modeled for DoD applications by a single exponential function. The two adjustable parameters are the time constant, t, characterizing the exponential; and the long time detection probability, P. Deficiencies of the classical model are: human performance data cannot typically be fit with a single...
Defence Science And Technology Organisation (Australia) Joint Operations Division, 2009. — 23 p. Lanchester's Equations are one of the most misunderstood and misused models of combat, yet they remain in widespread use as the combat mechanism behind many simulation systems. Previous work by the author examined the impact of a fractal distribution of forces on Lanchester's theory...
NATO Research And Technology Organization Neuilly-Sur-Seine (France), 2009. — 80 p. Whether you're in the operating forces making decisions about weapon selection and employment, a planner addressing capability requirements, a modeller analyzing systems or tactics, a system developer working on new weapons, or an acquisition official making program funding decisions, being able...
Army Concepts Analysis Agency, Bethesda, MD, 1973. — 110 p. This annex presents a technical description of each of the models included in the ammunition rates methodology. The models are exercised with the basic data contained in Volume V (ad-c012 195) to develop the ammunition rates presented in Volume I (ad-c012 199), the main body of this report. This volume provides, under...
BDM CORP McLean VA, 1979. — 92 p. This paper presents the treatment of nuclear weapons employment and its impacts on various types of force elements in INWARS (Integrated Nuclear And Conventional Theater Warfare Simulation). This introductory chapter surveys the role of nuclear operations in INWARS and provides an overview of the nuclear employment process in INWARS, both in...
Center For Naval Analyses, Arlington, VA, Operations Evaluation Group, 1976. — 60 p. This study describes two stochastic models useful in evaluating air-to-air engagements between high-performance fighter aircraft. The Maneuver Conversion Model is applicable to engagements where a successful outcome is determined primarily by maneuvering effectiveness of the combatants. The...
Nyland Enterprises, Idaho Springs, CO, 1994. — 26 p. Analysis of the relationship between a Russian theater missile defense system and second strike retaliation capabilities of the United States. The retaliatory roles of bombers, ballistic missile re-entry vehicles, and the decoys for RVs are considered.
Center For Naval Analyses, Alexandria, VA, Operations Evaluation Group, 1974. — 22 p. A model that characterizes an air-to-air engagement as a semi-Markov process is described. Included is a discussion of the model's assumptions and effectiveness measures with instructions for applying the model to experiments characterizing offensive and defensive maneuvering capability in air...
Naval Health Research Center, San Diego, CA, 1994. — 16 p. Mathematical modelling of medical resource requirements during military operations requires analyzing the underlying relationships between Disease and Non-Battle Injury (DNBI) rates and Wounded-In-Action (WIA) rates. DNBI and WIA data were extracted from Marine Corps unit diaries for a 150-day period of the Korean War...
Institute For Defense Analyses, Alexandria, VA, 1988. — 102 p. This paper discusses the nature and causes of strategic stability and instability, how defenses affect the stability equation, problems of partial defenses and various attempts to model stability during the transition to effective defense. All of the models reviewed demonstrate that there is some stable path from no...
Army Research Lab Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD, 1994. — 28 p. This report describes the latest version of Tankwars-Tankwars III-the multiple-weapon, burst-fire version and its verification. Tankwars, created by Fred Bunn of the U.S. Army Research Laboratory, is a FORTRAN program that models small unit armored warfare, The model represents armor system operations and its sensing...
Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA, 1986. — 132 p. This thesis describes a battlefield maintenance and recovery model which will be used in conjunction with the Airland Research Model being developed at the Naval Postgraduate School. It was developed focusing on the two main levels of maintenance in an Army division. These are the organizational level and the direct...
Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland: Army Materiel Systems Analysis Activity (AMSAA), 1979. — 32 p. AMSWAG is a high resolution battalion level combat simulation of ground combat developed by AMSAA as a major evolution of the Bonder/IUA model. This document contains a general description of the capabilities and limitations of AMSWAG.
Decision Science Inc. San Diego, CA, 1982. — 173 p. The research effort was directed toward the design and development of a computer program for realistic, intelligently interactive tank warfare simulation. Included in the report are the functional description, flow diagrams and preliminary software specifications for such a program. The program offers a unique forward...
Monterey, California: U.S. Naval Postgraduate School, 1991. — 77 p. The new Army warfighting doctrine, AirLand Operations, is designed for the army of the 90s, a smaller army, but one which will be faced with global responsibilities. These responsibilities will range from fighting wars and regional conflicts, to conducting various peacetime operations in support of allies in...
Monterey, California: U.S. Naval Postgraduate School, 1991. — 76 p. The new Army warfighting doctrine, AirLand Operations, is designed for the army of the 90's, a smaller army, but one which will be faced with global responsibilities. These responsibilities will range from fighting wars and regional conflicts, to conducting various peacetime operations in support of allies in...
Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA, 1986. — 198 p. This thesis presents a high resolution, computer simulation model of aircraft attrition in the air defense environment. The model employs extensive pre-processing submodels and programs in order to efficiently examine tactical scenarios and reduce program execution time. The pre-processing outputs are loaded into a dynamic...
Army Command And General Staff Coll, Fort Leavenworth, KS, 1974. — 269 p. Is it feasible to develop a battalion level stochastic simulation of combined arms operations? A methodology for application of such a model in support of type studies in the area of tactics, doctrine, organization and materiel was developed. A set of characteristics of the model to enable this...
Military Academy West Point, NY, Dept of System Engineering, 1994. — 85 p. The Office of the Director, Program Analysis & Evaluation (OSDPA&E), is planning to institute a Department of Defense (DoD)-wide Mission Area Analysis (MAA) program as a key element of the Planning-Programming-Budgeting System (PPBS) cycle. MAAs--broad analyses that treat the highest levels of force...
Aeronautical Systems Div, Wright-Patterson, AFB, OH, 1978. — 35 p. A simple mathematical model was developed that accounts for the combat relationship of all airplane performance parameters relative to those of a potential adversary. An important outcome of this study is definition of an optimum load factor to be used for offensive tracking and pursuit to reduce time needed to...
Monterey, California : Naval Postgraduate School, 1979. — 87 p. This report provides a description of each of the functional modules of the Ground Component of the Simulation of Tactical Alternative Responses(STAR) Combined Arms Combat Simulation Model. A complete description of each input variable is provided in the order in which they are read by the model. This report is one...
Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA, 1990. — 42 p. EAGLE is a systematic combat simulation which is currently under development by the TRADOC Analysis Command at Fort Leavenworth. EAGLE is written using the Artificial Intelligence (AI) language LISP, which is ideally suited for describing both combat missions and decisions in understandable, nature language terms within an...
Massachusets University Amherst Dept of computer Science, 2005. — 58 p. Several parts of an integrated decision aid for Effects Based Operations (EBO) were designed and implemented. These extensive improvements to the Capture the Flag (CtF) wargaming system included a new declarative executable action specification language (Tapir) and simulation definition language (Krill);...
Monterey,CA: Naval Postgraduate School, 2015. — 59 p. The Office of the Chief of Naval Operations (OPNAV) uses a hierarchy of simulation models as part of scenario-based planning to help decide which new platforms to procure and how to employ them. Simulation is used at every level of the acquisition process, from platform design to tactics to force structure. In hierarchal...
Stanford Research Inst., Menlo Park, CA, 1968. — 97 p. This four volume final report for the development of a Combined Reconnaissance, Surveillance, and SIGINT Model (CRESS) contains a detailed description of the model, explicit instructions for using it, formats for the data, extensive lists of object and background characteristics, representative lists of sensor...
Air Force Inst Of Tech Wright-Patterson, AFB, OH, 1996. — 139 p. In response to the increased influence of space forces on today's battlefield, several theater level models were analyzed for the presentation of space forces. These models were the Extended Air Defense Simulation (EADSIM), the Joint Theater Level Simulation (JTLS), the Integrated Theater Engagement Model (ITEM),...
Institute For Defense Analyses, Alexandria, VA, 1971. — 47 p. Constrained min-max problems are constant-sum two-person games in which the maximizing player enjoys the advantage of moving last and both players select strategies subject to separate side conditions. In the paper a LaGrange multiplier method is presented for solving such problems where the maximizing player is...
School of engineering of the air force institute of Technology Air University, 1993. — 145 p. This thesis provides a prototype and methodology for integrating psychological operations (PSYOP) into the Joint Theater Level Simulation (JTLS) combat model. The requirement rose out of the need for aggregate-level training models to reflect the role of PSYOP so that commanders and...
Monterey, California: U.S. Naval Postgraduate School, 2002. — 124 p. Visions of future warfighting, such as Joint Vision 2020, emphasize using new technologies to obtain and exploit information advantages to achieve new levels of effectiveness in joint warfighting. Unfortunately, our warfighting models are notoriously poor at capturing the effects of information on battle...
Air Force Inst Of Tech Wright-Patterson, AFB, OH, School Of Engineering, 1980. — 140 p. A generalized computer model for determining where to target conventional weapons against a non-reinforced concrete runway is developed. This development consists of taking the overall problem, runway destruction, and dividing it into a number of identical, stochastically independent...
Department of statistics, Carnegie-Mellon University. — Pittsburgh, 1978. — 156 p. This thesis extends the analysis of stochastic Lanchester models beyond the stage of mere modeling. To this end, a frame-work of statistical decision theory is superimposed on a simplified combat situation. The commander must make decisions about the amount of force he will commit to a combat in...
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania: Carnegie Mellon University, 1978. — 33 p. This paper develops a decision theoretic framework for one period or 'fight-to-the-finish', stochastic Lanchester models. Costs are assigned to the employment and destruction of friendly forces and rewards granted for 'victory'. Solutions for certain one period problems are obtained approximately by using the...
Carnegie-Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA, Dept of Statistics, 1977. — 34 p. A new approach to the study of stochastic Lanchester processes based on diffusion approximations is presented. The distribution of the two force levels over time is shown to be well approximated by a nonstationary bivariate Gaussian diffusion process with specified mean and covariance structure. The...
RAND Arroyo Center, Santa Monica, CA, 2005. — 49 p. Network Centric Warfare, the new paradigm of future warfighting, will produce increased amounts of information, and new tools will be needed to better utilize that information. With the increase in the flows of information, decision making tools and processes from the strategic to the tactical level will allow force elements...
Santa Monica, CA: RAND Corp., 2007. — 56 p. As the U.S. military transforms to an information-based force, it will need processes and methods to collect, combine, and utilize the intelligence that is generated by its assets. The process known as fusion will play an important role in determining whether this intelligence is used in the most beneficial manner. The process of...
Army Mobility Equipment Research And Development Command, Fort Belvoir, VA, 1977. — 99 p. The purpose of this effort is to review existing computer models and methodologies and to select one which best satisfies the target-acquisition requirements of the Theater Nuclear Force Survivability (TNF/S) Program. Of the methods and models reviewed, only the following four models...
Synetics Co Dallas Tex, 1987. — 26 p. A model for predicting the effectiveness of multiple attackers against a single evader is analytically developed. Mathematical relationships are established that allowed the probability of evader disablement or capture to be expressed in terms of attacker trajectory error statistics and destruction characteristics, as well as evader...
DSTO, Edinburgh (Australia), Info Sciences Lab, 2006. — 35 p. Under the auspices of The Technical Cooperation Program (TTCP) Joint Systems & Analysis (JSA) Technical Panel 3 (Joint Concepts and Analysis) research program, researchers in New Zealand and the United Kingdom have been collaborating on the development of a new combat attrition equation. This report examines this new...
Santa Monica, CA: RAND Corp., 2002. — 187 p. The primary objective of this work is to create a framework for developing measures and metrics that adequately assess the impact of varying command, control, communications, computers, intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance (C4ISR) systems and procedures on combat outcomes. In the process, sample measures and metrics are...
Naval Postgraduate School. — Monterey, California, 1994. — 118 p. This thesis describes essential modeling requirements for Operations Other Than War (OOTW). It includes discussions of the Future Theater Level Model (FTLM); a developmental combat model. This thesis also includes discussions of OOTW and a specific OOTW scenario: operation RESTORE HOPE. This thesis proposes model...
Monterey, California: U.S. Naval Postgraduate School, 1970. — 72 p. This thesis presents a Lanchester-based mathematical model of a small army infantry attack on a defended position. It proposes that a major factor in actual combat is the suppression of fire of one side by a heavy volume of accurate fire from its opponents and incorporates this phenomenon into the model....
Army Combined Arms Combat Developments Activity, Fort Leavenworth, KS, 1974. — 37 p. The report contains an analysis of the impact of terrain on the dual simultaneous line-of-sight (LOS) requirements of a remote target designation weapon system when both parties are operating at surface or near surface terrain environments. The analysis uses the Phase I TETAM intervisibility...
Monterey, California: U.S. Naval Postgraduate School, 1998. — 132 p. Mathematical modeling forms a bridge between the study of mathematics and the application of mathematics with the intent of explaining or predicting real world behavior. In their book A First Course in Mathematical Modeling, Frank R. Giordano, Maurice D. Weir, and William P. Fox provide an introduction to the...
Army Combined Arms Combat Developments Activity, Fort Leavenworth, KS, 1982. — 123 p. Results from low resolution corps and division level war games and simulations have become increasingly important to decisions involving weapon system procurement and the force structuring process. In the past, dismounted units have been poorly represented in these models. Games such as Jiffy...
Fort Leavenworth, Kansas, 1987. — 817 p. THE Division Map Exercise (DIME) is the fourth enhancement of a battle simulation originally designed to meet the requirements for a quick-running analytical war game. Model overview. Game initialization. Detection. Logistics. Air attack/air defense. Ground combat. Chemical attrition. Command and control. Movement generator. Unit status...
Highlands Ranch CO, 2000. — 87 p. This report summarizes research into the application of system identification techniques to simulation model abstraction. System identification produces simplified mathematical models that approximate the dynamic behaviors of the underlying stochastic simulations. Four state-space system identification techniques were examined: Canonical...
Systems view Highlands Ranch, CO, 2004. — 56 p. The purpose of this research effort was to develop and test frameworks and algorithms for use in air warfare planning systems. Developing planning systems for this problem domain is particularly challenging due to their great complexity and uncertainty. The effort focused on predictive simulation models for generating potential...
Monterey, California: U.S. Naval Postgraduate School, 1999. — 181 p. The goal of the Management System for Heterogeneous Networks (MSHN) is to provide a resource management system (RMS) to enable adaptive applications to use multiple sets of shared resources while accounting for dynamically changing priorities and environments. This RMS must be capable of providing each...
Monterey, California: U.S. Naval Postgraduate School, 1994. — 74 p. This thesis is a study of the defensive power of a medium size Naval force subject to air-to-surface missile attack. It evaluates the attrition to an escorted amphibious force and its escorts under different tactical situations for a variety of defense parameters. Using attrition as the measure of...
Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA, 2004. — 57 p. The United States is moving into a new era in which the enemy no longer provides symmetric opposition. The Navy and Marine Corps will face new challenges in the way they deploy and conduct future operations. One important way in which these challenges will be met involves sea-based operations, which provide the sustainment...
Monterey, California: U.S. Naval Postgraduate School, 1972. — 60 pp. The simplest target selection problem in heterogeneous combat is the two-on-one battle. For a prescribed duration battle, deterministic and stochastic models using Lanchester's square law attrition mechanism are developed. Solutions of these models, obtained by the application of optimal control theory, are...
Naval Postgraduate School. — Monterey, California, 1987. — 97 p. The Combat Sample Generator Model (COSAGE) is being replaced by the Vector In Command model (VIC) as the feeder model to the Force Evaluation Model (FORCEM) at the US Army Concepts Analysis Agency (CAA). This thesis presents and analyzes the two general methodologies in use today for estimating the attrition...
Naval Postgraduate School. — Monterey, California, 1987. — 98 p. This thesis extends the development of the Advanced Airland Research Model (ALARM), a research effort at the Naval Postgraduate School (NPS), in the areas of urban terrain representation and urban mission planning. The growing proportion of dismounted infantry forces in the U.S. Army and the increased urbanization...
Rand National Defense Research Inst., Santa Monica, CA, 1992. — 501 p. This document collects papers delivered at a conference on variable-resolution modeling and the related issue of developing integrated hierarchies of models. The conference was sponsored by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) and the Defense Modeling and Simulation Office (DMSO). It was...
Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Tennessee, 1987, 68 p. Abstract. An advanced combat model formulation. Mathematical modeling. General. Mathematical model of combat. Numerical computations. Computational methods and computer programs. Computational complexities. Computational measures. Computational results. Scenarios and parameters. Appendix a.
3rd edition. — Reston, VA: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2000. — 398 p. — ISBN: 1-56347-397-6. Military Operations Research. Weapon Performance. Combat Modeling. Reliability. Target Detection. Defense Analyses Software. This text presents the various mathematical methods used in military operations research in one easy-to-use reference volume. The reader...
Air Force Inst of Tech Wright-Patterson AFB, OH, 1988. — 22 p. The mathematical modeling of combat engagements by heterogeneous tactical forces is discussed and a new superiority parameter is introduced which represents a measure of the effectiveness of the opposing forces. This parameter is a function of both the quantitative and qualitative strengths of the opposing forces....
School of engineering of the air force institute of Technology Air University, 2000. — 125 p. A validation assessment of the new STORM air-to-air prototype algorithm is accomplished using structural and output validation techniques. In the structural validation phase, the algorithms, code, and assumptions are evaluated to determine if the implementation of the model will match...
R-387-PR. — RAND, 1964. — 394 p. The development of nuclear weapons, the rise of advanced military technology, and the prevalence of struggles only rarely punctuated by warfare has given birth to communities of civilian defense experts in all advanced countries. In most cases they rely, directly or indirectly, on the analytical techniques described herein, set down at Rand and...
Army Electronics Research And Development Command, Fort Belvoir, VA, Night Vision And Electro-Optics Labs, 1979. — 15 p. REBTAM is a developmental model which relates tactical and meteorological parameters directly to sensor performance. Major subroutines consider the impact of target signatures, natural and battlefield atmospheric propagation, and line-of-sight limitations....
Ultrasystems Inc., Irvine, CA, 1974. — 233 p. This document presents a summary of measures of effectiveness (MOE's) used by OPTEVFOR in development assists, operational assists, operational appraisals, technical evaluations, operational evaluations, concurrent evaluations, fleet research investigations and fleet operational investigations. For each OPTEVFOR report reviewed, the...
School of Advanced Military Studies United States Army Command and General Staff College, Fort Leavenworth, Kansas, 1991. — 84 p. This monograph presents a methodology to help tactical battle staffs estimate ground force combat power, and consists of three major products. First, pre-calculated 'combat potential scores' (CPS) for different friendly and threat units are provided,...
Monterey, California: U.S. Naval Postgraduate School, 1973. — 106 p. The impact on several Lanchester models of adding suppressive fire and having a unit become combat ineffective before all its elements are destroyed is investigated. In addition to a lethal fire capability which causes permanent losses suppressive fire is incorporated into the classical equations by adding a...
Naval Weapons Center, China Lake, CA, 1976. — 53 p. This report presents algorithms for determining the probability distributions of survivors and weapons expended in m on n simulated aerial combat. Both shoot-look-shoot and shoot-switch-shoot firing doctrines are considered. For shoot-look-shoot firing doctrines, a method of bounding numerical results due to the ghost effect...
Battelle Columbus Div, OH, 1990. — 126 p. This report discusses aspects of TANKWARS relevant to the future armament concepts for armored vehicles. TANKWARS was picked as a good tool for starting this effort. TANKWARS is a Monte Carlo computer simulation of engagements between two homogeneous mechanized forces. Recommendations are made of possible modifications to TANKWARS or...
Monterey, California: U.S. Naval Postgraduate School, 1971. — 62 p. A generalized combat process is structured as a regular finite Markov chain with states reflecting the control, maneuver, target acquisition, and target destruction actions of a weapons system. The mean and variance of the first passage times to certain states and the limiting distribution of the amount of time...
Air Force Inst Of Tech, Wright-Patterson, AFB OH, 1986. — 98 p. The primary objective of this thesis research was to determine the relative unit efficiencies of the expected attrition capability of United States armor forces. A measure of effectiveness defining the unit attrition capability was derived using the Lanchester-type equations of heterogenous combat as a functional...
Combined Arms Operations Research Activity, Fort Leavenworth, KS, 1983. — 100 p. This report is one of three produced to document the Ammunition Resupply Model (ARM). The model was designed to simulate those activities associated with ammunition resupply - demand, reload and replenishment of stockage. Volume I is a programmers manual which contains FORTRAN code for all of the...
Monterey, California: U.S. Naval Postgraduate School, 1970. — 83 p. An analysis is made of the allocation problem associated with the conduct of ambush operations to interdict infiltration routes in a guerrilla-counterguerrilla environment. A multi-stage two-person non-zero sum game is used to model that allocation problem. It is shown that Lanchester's equations can be used to...
Monterey, California: Naval Postgraduate School, 2006. — 133 p. The purpose of this thesis is to provide a workbook to accompany the current textbook, A First Course in Mathematical Modeling. The workbook will offer basic reviews of each lesson followed by detailed examples of how to work each model. Topics covered include difference equations, systems of difference equations,...
School of engineering of the air force institute of Technology Air University, 1981. — 160 p. Two models were developed for evaluation of bomber defense missiles as penetration aids to bombers carrying cruise missiles. The defense consisted of a forward-based AWACS controlling airborne interceptors. Both models utilize a corridor concept with a single AWACS. One of the models...
Air Force Inst Of Tech Wright-Patterson, AFB, OHIO, School Of Engineering, 1978. — 107 p. This report examines the incorrect uses of expected values in kill probability calculations that exist in some strategic targeting articles and models. Generally stated, the type of error is the incorrect use of expected numbers of weapons in probability calculations in place of numbers of...
School of engineering of the air force institute of Technology Air University, 2008. — 248 p. This research investigates how aggregation is currently conducted for simulation of large systems. The purpose is to examine how to achieve suitable aggregation in the simulation of large systems. More specifically, investigating how to accurately aggregate hierarchical lower-level...
RAND Corp, Santa Monica, CA, 1991. — 264 p. Although the development of new concepts for land warfare has been a U.S. Army priority since the early 1980s, few techniques are available that can help design or evaluate concepts in a rigorous, objective way. Indeed, the ter, 'concept' has in the past been used so freely that simply arriving at a suitable definition is a much...
School of engineering of the air force institute of Technology Air University, 2011. — 84 p. Lanchester equations are used as the foundation for analysis of air superiority forces, mathematically addressing the impending shortage of the United States fighters; focusing on the role of advanced technology: stealth aircraft, air-to-air missiles, and the rapid proliferation of...
Naval Postgraduate School. — Monterey, California, 1998. — 110 p. Joint Vision 2010 puts forth four operational concepts describing how U.S. forces will conduct combat in the future. One of these concepts is Focused Logistics, which Joint Vision 2010 defines as "the precise application of logistics." In order to study the effects of Focused Logistics, a flexible method of...
Army Research Lab Aberdeen Proving Ground MD, 2003. — 111 p. A model developed to analyze the emergent behavior of a network-centric battle team undergoing hostile information operations (IO) stress events is presented. Networked battlefield platforms are modeled as mobile semiautonomous agents that operate within a cellular automata (CA) lattice. The CA form a discrete...
Monterey, California: U.S. Naval Postgraduate School, 1974. — 114 p. A partial sensitivity analysis of Schaffer's Lanchesterbased ambush combat model is undertaken, with ambusher and ambushee force sizes at various times during the ambush used as measures of effectiveness. Besides a single variable analysis a 2 8 factorial analysis is completed with model sensitivity measured...
Army Materiel Systems Analysis Activity, Aberdeen, Proving Ground, MD, 1979. — 336 p. The performance in combat of a division slice of BLUE artillery is a function of its weapon-ammo mix, ammo basic load and resupply, fire direction center (FDC) capability, movement policy, firing policy, weapon reliability, and weapon repair capability as well as RED anti-artillery...
Army Materiel Systems Analysis Activity Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD, 1979. — 323 p. The performance in combat of a division slice of BLUE artillery is a function of its weapon-ammo mix, ammo basic load and resupply, fire direction center (FDC) capability, movement policy, firing policy, weapon reliability, and weapon repair capability as well as RED anti-artillery capabilities...
BDM CORP McLean VA, 1985. — 72 p. This report summarizes the results of tasks conducted to provide the Engineer Support Laboratory with a low cost evaluation model to be used in the assessment of countermine concept alternatives. The model is microcomputer-based and supported by a commercial software package which provides ease of use, rapid computational abilities, and useful...
Air force institute of technology, Wright-Patterson, AFB OH, 1992. — 148 p. Saber is a theater-level, airland combat training model, designed by a number of computer science and engineering students and faculty at the Air Force Institute of Technology (AFIT). Saber is intended to replace the Agile model, which is currently used at the Air Force Wargaming Center, Maxwell AFB,...
Santa Monica, California: RAND Corp., 1970. — 72 p. The description is given of an analytic model of border control that interrelates a number of the principal factors in problems of infiltration, invasion, and insurgency. The basic model reflects geopolitical and economic as well as military and technical aspects, and provides some insight into their complex relationships. In...
Monterey, California: U.S. Naval Postgraduate School, 1986. — 18 p. Consider the scenario of missile-carrying Dlatforms attacking a set of targets, electronic-warfare countermeasures can be used to attenuate and disperse the missile arivals. The model considered here includes parameters to describe countermeasures evolving decoys, attack coordination, jamming and acquisition,...
Monterey, California: Naval Postgraduate School, 2012. — 38 p. We develop an extension to differential equation models of dynamical systems to allow us to analyze probabilistic threshold dynamics that fundamentally change system behavior. We apply our novel modeling approach to two cases of interest: a model of cyber infection, where a detection event drastically changes...
Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA, 1979. — 181 p. A model of the tank platoon in the defense of a preselected battle position is presented. Time sequential crewman level tasks are integrated into crew level and platoon level aggregate tasks. The model shows the crewman's reaction to his environment and his interaction with other crewmen and equipment. A portion of the...
New Mexico State Univ, Las Cruces, 1992. — 53 p. The primary goal of this project was to explore the applicability of artificial neural network (NN) models in the domain of air combat maneuvering (ACM). The work investigated several models: (a) NN models that select ACM on the basis of training with the production rules of a model, Air Combat Expert Simulation (ACES); (b) NN...
Institute for defense analyses. — Alexandria, Virginia, 1988. — 47 p. This paper examines a class of combat processes in which targets can be located on parking areas, so that an attack on a target can kill other targets on the same parking area. These processes have characteristics of both point fire and area fire models. A certain probabilistic model of an attack process is...
Alexandria, Virginia: Institute for Defense Analyses, 1988. — 43 p. Some combat simulation models that use attrition equations employ a two-stage procedure to compute attrition to aircraft: first, a number of sorties killed is computed and then it is converted to a number of aircraft killed. This paper uses probability theory to derive several different formulas that could be...
Monterey, California: Naval Postgraduate School, 1990. — 65 p. Planning land combat operations requires a method of evaluation to determine the strengths and weaknesses of the various possible courses of action. The principal means of evaluating these courses of action is wargaming. Some research indicates that planning efforts lack a coherent set of wargaming rules and...
Santa Monica, CA: RAND Corp., 1991. — 325 p. FALCON is a computer model designed to allocate strategic weapons to targets and calculate expected target damage. The goals of its development are (1) to emphasize realism in the allocation and (2) to strive for simplicity in execution, maintenance, modification, and, above all, interpretation of results. FALCON operates on a set of...
TRW Systems Group, Redondo Beach, CA, 1973. — 559 p. This document constitutes the final technical report on the 'Modification to Math Model for SIAF Small Independent Action Forces program. The principal product of this program was a revision to a computerized simulation model of a SIAF operating in both reconnaissances and combat modes. The SIAF simulation model is provided...
Monterey, California: Naval Postgraduate School, 2005. — 79 p. The FAst THeater Model (FATHM) is a joint theater-level attrition model that combines a Lanchester ground combat model with a linear program, hereafter the Air model, that determines the optimal allocation of air strikes against ground forces. FATHM models time phased ground battles between two forces BLUE and RED,...
Naval Postgraduate School. — Monterey, California, 1998. — 137 p. For aggregated combat simulation models, the methods for calculating force attrition must be based upon sound mathematical formulations and parameter estimations. With an inherent lack of representative combat data for modern warfare scenarios, one effective method for determining the required parameter estimates...
Army Ballistic Research Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD, 1990. — 178 p. This, the first of a three volume report, presents the programmer/ analyst with a comprehensive understanding of the methodologies which embody the Army Unit Resiliency Analysis (AURA) model. The approach taken was to progress from a general overview of the AURA model to a detailed description of the...
Military Academy West Point, NY, 1998. — 53 p. We have developed a measure of the theoretical increase in situation awareness of a tactical commander as a result of receiving data from reconnaissance, scouting and intelligence activities. We intend the measure, called information gain (IG), be used as a measure of effectiveness of information systems. It is based on the concept...
DSTO, Salibury (Australia), Info Sciences Lab, 2005. — 60 p. The agent based distillation MANA was used for a parametric study of the seven core skills of the Army-as-a-system model, using a bottom-up approach. Simple tactics were developed, then combined, so more complex behaviour emerged. Scenarios in which base and combined tactics were played against each were used to...
Epl Analysis, Olney, MD, 1977. — 30 p. This memorandum describes a model of reactive surveillance in which two classes of contacts occur. A single search vehicle attempts to maintain some localization of a single target vehicle with contacts occurring intermittently as a Poisson process but only when the target is within a certain range (exposure disk) of the searcher. An...
Cavendish Square Publishing, 2019. — 82 p. The military relies on computer systems for all sorts of tasks, including communication, data analysis, geospatial analysis, decision-making, weapons control, simulation, testing, and administration. Many of these systems are coded by enlisted members of the military or by outside contractors hired by the military. This cool volume...
Washington: Dept. of the Army, 2006. — 230 p. Operations research (OR) emerged during World War II as an important means of assisting civilian and military leaders in making scientifi cally sound improvements in the design and performance of weapons and equipment. OR techniques were soon extended to address questions of tactics and strategy during the war and, after the war, to...
Washington: Dept. of the Army, 2008. — 398 p. The 1960s and early 1970s were a tumultuous period in world history. Insurgent political movements as well as profound economic and social changes affected many regions of the world, including the United States. The rapid changes in technology and the shifting international political scene, most particularly the Communist insurgency in...
Washington: Dept. of the Army, 2009. — 377 p. The period from 1973 to 1995 was one of the most challenging eras in the history of the United States Army. The last quarter of the twentieth century saw the reorganization and revitalization of the Army following the long and debilitating war in Vietnam and the reorientation of the Army toward the defense of Western Europe against...
Institute For Defense Analyses, Alexandria, VA, 1997. — 53 p. Models of target acquisition by human observers are probabilistic. Two reasons for the indeterminate nature of the models are: (1) the observer ensemble includes individuals with varying levels of competence in target acquisition, and (2) the target acquisition process is itself (at least in part) a random process....
Naval Air Test Center, Patuxent River, MD, 1977. — 76 p. An analysis capability has been developed for use by the training and 'test and evaluation' communities to quantify air combat maneuvering engagement outcomes. Details of this analysis capability in the form of computer programs for producing analytic engagement data are presented. Results from a sample test data base are...
Monterey, California: Naval Postgraduate School, 1981. — 137 p. This thesis presents a dynamic route selection model for the ground combat simulation environment. An optimal route is selected for an advancing combat unit, taking known enemy location(s) into consideration. The selected route is in the form suitable for a single vehicle movement. The model is explained in detail,...
Gainesville: Florida Univ Dept Of Industrial And Systems Engineering, 1985. — 35 p. The problem of computing the uncertainty with the probability of kill when using the two-parameter Carleton damage function is considered. It is assumed that the input parameters are not exactly, and that the measure of uncertainty in these parameters is given. Two types of estimation procedures...
Gainesville: Florida Univ Dept Of Industrial And Systems Engineering, 1985. — 24 p. The problem of computing the uncertainty associated with the probability of kill due to blast in the absence of weapon fragmentation and aiming error is considered. The damage function due to blast is assumed to be piecewise linear function of the distance between the blast point and the target...
Gainesville: Florida Univ Dept Of Industrial And Systems Engineering, 1985. — 33 p. The problem of computing the uncertainty associated with the probability of kill due to fragmentation in the presence of aiming error and in the presence of blast is considered. It is assumed that the damage due to fragmentation can be approximated by two-parameter Carleton damage function. The...
Gainesville: Florida Univ Dept Of Industrial And Systems Engineering, 1985. — 35 p. An expression for the probability of kill, of stationary ground point-target is derived subject to the following assumptions: the target is killed solely because of blast; the aiming errors of the air-delivered weapon in both range and defection are independently and normally distributed; the...
Gainesville: Florida Univ Dept Of Industrial And Systems Engineering, 1985. — 71 p. The probability of kill of a fragment sensitive target due to the stick delivery of multiple weapons subject to ballistic and aiming error is computed. It is assumed that the probability of kill associated with each weapon can be approximated by the Carleton damage function. Both the ballistic...
Gainesville: Florida Univ Dept Of Industrial And Systems Engineering, 1985. — 52 p. Mathematical models are developed for obtaining expressions for the probability of kill for multiple weapons under stick delivery, for laser guided bombs, and for guided weapons. It is assumed that the damage function can be approximated by the Carleton damage function and that delivery errors...
Naval Postgraduate School. — Monterey, California, 1983. — 220 p. This thesis intends to create the basic conceptual background for a nonexpert analyst so as to be able to follow the logic, structure, development, and utility of an Air Combat Model, using the digital computer. Initially the reader will be introduced to the concepts, methods and present constraints of Modeling...
Monterey, California: Naval Postgraduate School, 1995. — 101 p. This thesis develops an algorithm for the selection of objectives for forced entry military operations in a theater level campaign model. The Joint Warfare Analysis Experimental Prototype (JWAEP) is an interactive, 2-sided, theater-level combat model based on an arc-node representation of ground, air, and littoral...
Monterey, California: U.S. Naval Postgraduate School, 1972. — 56 p. The purpose of this thesis is to mathematically model a duel between the armed helicopter and the tank. In addition to providing a parametric analysis of B. 0. Koopman's classical Detection-Destruction Duel, two additional models were constructed and analyzed. All three models stem from stochastic versions of...
Alexandria, VA: Army Military Personnel Center, 1984. — 90 p. This report illustrates the advantages of using the techniques of mathematical programming during an Air Defense exercise. It is directed toward the optimal deployment of Air Defense resources rather than any new methods of weapon system operations. Three levels of command in the United States Army Air Defense...
Monterey, California: U.S. Naval Postgraduate School, 1986. — 92 p. This-thesis lays the foundation for the Intelligence Module of the AIRLAND RESEARCH MODEL (ALARM). It examines the relationship between the Intelligence Module and the other modules of ALARM. Specifically it develops the structure of the Intelligence Module to include the flow of combat information from other...
Air Force Armament Lab, Eglin, AFB, FLA, 1977. — 37 p. This report defines basic reference frames and transformations which are offered as standards in Air-to-Air Gunnery Assessment Modeling (ATAGAM). Adoption would make this report a documentztion of these elements of about 12 known USAF ATAGAM models while minimizing their bookkeeping requirements and increasing their general...
Institute For Defense Analyses, Alexandria, VA, 1988. — 37 p. This paper examines the topic of interceptor-to-target assignment algorithms and compares the system performance of a strategic defense system (SDS) as a function of the algorithm used. The algorithms used in this study range from being similar to some of those being developed under the SDIO's advanced algorithm...
Naval Postgraduate School. — Monterey, CA., 1979. — 117 p. This thesis describes an operational Lanchester-type model of small-unit land combat. It is a time sequenced, deterministic, battalion-level, force-on-force model implemented on a digital computer. In comparison with other existing battalion level analytic models, this model contains some new modelling ideas about...
RAND Corp., Santa Monica, CA, 1975. — 121 p. An expected value model for computing the effectiveness of multiple attacks against an airbase hangarette complex is obtained and a JOSS program is provided. Effectiveness computations and sensitivity variations are obtained for an aircraft attack and for a remotely piloted vehicle attack on a representative airbase, using typical...
RAND Corp., Santa Monica, CA, 1970. — 147 p. A description of a weapons evaluation model and computer program developed to simplify and shorten computation time in solving problems of nonnuclear weapons evaluation. The model assumes a gaussian aiming error distribution and a rectangular target area. Two types of damage functions are considered, corresponding to two different...
Santa Monica, CA: RAND Corp., 1991. — 207 p. RJARS is an engagement level model that simulates air-to-ground and ground-to-air combat, primarily the latter, treating the combatants as individuals rather than aggregating. It has been designed to consider terrain masking, multipath and clutter, and flight dynamics in order to more carefully evaluate jamming effectiveness and...
Caci Inc-Federal, Arlington, VA, 1975. — 394 p. The report develops and demonstrates various means of using quantitative indicator technology in analyzing and predicting future international trends. Three generic types of indicators were created to enhance the analysts abilities to estimate future international interaction trends: international, internal, and economic. Issue...
Monterey, California: U.S. Naval Postgraduate School, 1958. — 19 p. The investigation undertaken here is to determine if there can be found an optimum allocation of personnel effort to mine countermeasures, and to determine the effects of a failure to locate or to comply with this allocation if it exists. The solution proceeds with the application of the formulas of probability...
Monterey, California: U.S. Naval Postgraduate School, 1979. — 184 p. This thesis presents a stochastic simulation model of Field Artillery that is designed to be used in conjunction with the Simulation of Tactical Alternative Responses (STAR) battalion combat model. The tactics modeled, the assumptions made, and the interface requirements are detailed, with the computer code...
Army Materiel Systems Analysis Activity Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD, 1974. — 222 p. A FORTRAN version of the 'Legal Mix' Artillery Simulation Model has been developed at the U.S. Army Materiel Systems Analysis Activity (AMSAA). The model is similar to versions that were originally used for conduct of both 'Legal Mix III' and 'IV' studies. The model is designed to measure the...
Monterey, California: U.S. Naval Postgraduate School, 1979. — 48 p. A differential equation attrition model is used to deterministically simulate an infantry squad frontally attacking a fourman defensive position. The simulation results are used to determine the optimum rush distance.
Institute for Scientific Computation Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 1995. — 99 p. This work analyzes three methods for computing scores for weapons in combat simulations. The eigenvalue or potential/antipotential method is based on a simultaneous eigenvalue problem. Fire allocation methods link fire allocation, values, and attrition in a non-linear way. The...
Monterey, California: US Naval Postgraduate School, 1989. — 67 p. The Method of Screening Operational Concepts of Warlare Model (MOSCOW) as a low resolution analytic tool destgned by the RAND Corporation to assist decision-makers in comparing the performance of alternative warfighting doctrines. Recent analysis of this model suggest its current battle attntion mechanism places...
Report. — National Academies Press, 2017. — 159 p. The Office of the Under Secretary of Defense (Personnel & Readiness), referred to throughout this report as P&R, is responsible for the total force management of all Department of Defense (DoD) components including the recruitment, readiness, and retention of personnel. Its work and policies are supported by a number of...
TRACOR Inc Austin Tex, 1967. — 304 p. In the front portion of this Technical Memorandum, the general approach to the complete digital computer simulation of Anti-Submarine Warfare (ASW) Combat is formulated and discussed. The discussion centers upon the three basic components of combat - command and control functions, machines and the environment - and identifies the general...
Monterey, California: U.S. Naval Postgraduate School, 1981. — 271 p. Various combat duels between an attacker, who owns a stockpile of long range precision-guided missiles, and a defender are addressed. The defender must defend a valued tarGet,eor several valued targets (called primary targets) by a group of defending targets (called secondary targets, and are usually...
New York: Palgarave Macmillan, 2014.-193p.
This book details very simply and for even the most novice of potential analysts not only how to perform analytics which describe what is happening, predict what is going to happen, and optimize responses, but also places these analytics in the context of proactive strategy development.
Naval Institute Press, 2021. — 464 p. Artificial intelligence (AI) may be the most beneficial technological development of the twenty-first century. Media hype and raised expectations for results, however, have clouded understanding of the true nature of AI—including its limitations and potential. AI at War provides a balanced and practical understanding of applying AI to...
Center for naval analyses, Alexandria, VA, 2000. — 81 p. In the USMC Ground Combat Study we are focused on small unit (squad and fire team) size and organization. Our goal is to use an analysis of historical changes in squads together with an analytic tool to provide the Marine Corps with an assessment of the relevance of these units on the future battlefield. Using...
Naval Postgraduate School. — Monterey, California, 1982. — 179 p. This report is a tutorial on basic analytically-modelling methodology for the determination of single-weapon-system-type kill rates (i.e. so-called Lanchester attrition-rate coefficients) for use in operational Lanchester-type combat models. The purpose of the tutorial is to facilitate the intelligent use and...
Monterey, California: Naval Postgraduate School, 1970. — 93 p. Methods are proposed for measuring the combat effectiveness of the main armament of tank and antitank weapons using firepower potential scores. A comparison of these scores can be used as a simplified screening process to decrease the number of candidate options that must be evaluated by simulation or detailed analysis.
Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA, 1977. — 65 p. This report contains a reduced set of tables of Lanchester-Clifford-Schlafli (LCS) functions. A companion report contains a more extensive (and currently the most extensive available) set of tables of the LCS functions. These functions may be used to analyze Lanchester-type combat between two homogeneous forces modelled by...
Monterey, California: Naval Postgraduate School, 2004. — 59 p. This paper develops an analytical model that can very simply provide important insights into the consequences (in terms of combat outcomes) generated by different command and control (C2) architectures for information processing. A Lanchester-type model of force-on-force combat that reflects C2 architecture at the...
Monterey, California : Naval Postgraduate School, 1970. — 204 p. he mathematical theory of deterministic optimal control/differential games is applied to the study of some tactical allocation problems for combat described by Lanchester-type equations of warfare. A solution procedure is devised for terminal control attrition games. H. K. Weiss* supporting weapon system game is...
Monterey, California: U.S. Naval Postgraduate School, 1972. — 516 p. The mathematical theory of optimal control/differential games is used to study the structure of optimal allocation policies for some tactical allocation problems with combat described by Lanchester-type equations of warfare. Both deterministic and stochastic attrition processes are considered. For the optimal...
Monterey, California: U.S. Naval Postgraduate School, 1974. — 128 p. The mathematical theory of differential games is used to study the structure of optimal allocation strategies for some time-sequential combat games with combat described by Lanchester-type equations of warfare. Several specific problems for the determination of optimal time-sequential fire distribution...
Monterey, California: U.S. Naval Postgraduate School, 1977. — 14 p. Previous error bounds for the classical Liouville-Green solutions to second order ordinary differential equations are sharpened. Applications are made to the Lanchester model for combat between two homogeneous forces.
Monterey, California: U.S. Naval Postgraduate School, 1977. — 50 p. The influence of command and control limitations on fire distribution tactics for a homogeneous force in combat against heterogeneous enemy forces is studied through a deterministic optimal control problem. Lanchester-type equations for a square law attrition process are used to model the combat. Command and...
Monterey, California: Naval Postgraduate School, 1978. — 17 p. This paper presents a simple numerical procedure for determining the panty-condition parameter for deterministic Lanchester-type combat between two homogeneous forces.
Monterey, California: Naval Postgraduate School, 1978. — 42 p. This paper shows that much new information about the dynamics of combat between two homogeneous forces modelled by Lanchester-type equations of modern warfare (also frequently referred to as 'square-law' attrition equations) with temporal variations in fire effectivenesses (as expressed by the Lanchester...
Monterey, California: U.S. Naval Postgraduate School, 1977. — 31 p. This paper shows that one can determine whether or not it is beneficial for the victor to initially commit as many forces as possible to battle in Lanchester-type combat between two homogeneous forces by considereing the instantaneous casualty-exchange ratio. It considers the initial-commitment decision as a...
Monterey, California: U.S. Naval Postgraduate School, 1976. — 151 p. Deterministic optimal control theory is used to study the structure of optimal fire-support policies for some time-sequential tactical allocation problems with combat described by Lanchester-type equations of warfare. Numerous specific problems for determining optimal time-sequential fire-distribution policies...
Monterey, California: U.S. Naval Postgraduate School, 1977. — 57 p. The structure of the optimal fire distribution policy obtained using a deterministic combat attrition model is compared with that for a stochastic one. The same optimal control problem for a homogeneous force in Lanchester combat against heterogeneous forces is studied using two different models for the combat...
Monterey, California : Naval Postgraduate School, 1974. — 44 p. A mathematical theory is developed for the analytic solution to deterministic Lanchester-type "square-law" attrition equations for combat between two homogeneous forces with temporal variations in system effectiveness (as expressed by the Lanchester attrition-rate coefficient). Particular attention is given to...
Monterey, California: U.S. Naval Postgraduate School, 1977. — 86 p. This report contains a reduced set of tables of Lanchester-Clifford-Schlafli (LCS) functions. A companion report contains a more extensive (and currently the most extensive available) set of tables of the LCS functions. These functions may be used to analyze Lanchester-type combat between two homogeneous forces...
Monterey, California: Naval Postgraduate School, 1976. — 43 p. This paper examines the dependence of the structure of optimal time- sequential fire support policies on the quantification of military objectives by considering four specific problems, each corresponding to a different quantification of objectives (i.e. criterion functional). The authors consider the optimal...
Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA, 1983. — 21 p. This paper introduces important new functions for analytic solution of Lanchester- type equations of modern warfare tor combat between two homogeneous forces modeled by power attrition-rate coefficients with no offset. Tabulations of these Lanchester-Clifford-Schlafli or LCS functions allow one to study this particular...
Monterey, California: U.S. Naval Postgraduate School, 1977. — 39 p. This paper introduces an important new canonical set of functions for solving Lanchester-type equations of modern warfare for combat between two homogeneous forces with power attrition-rate coefficients with "no effect." Tabulations of these functions, which we call Lanchester-Clifford-Schlafli (or LCS)...
The Bdm corporation. McLean, Va, 1981, 64p. Provides an overview of the Integrated Corps Model, a simulation of ground and air-ground combat. Executive summary . Background. General Description. Model Structure. Implementation Form. The icor model description . Model Overview and General Features. Player Centered Modeling. Man-in-the-Loop Operations. Hexagonal Coordinate System....
SRI International, Menlo Park, CA, 1977. — 323 p. Partial Contents: Gaming Utility from the User's Viewpoints; Status of Theater-level Simulation Models, Present and Future; and Problems of Model Structure; Theater-Level Combat Modeling Methodology; Game Theory in Theater- Level Modeling--Optimal solutions and heuristic solutions; and Data Base Requirements for Theater-Level...
Army Concepts Analysis Agency, Bethesda, MD, 1975. — 39 p. TARTARUS is a firepower potential dependent, ground combat theater model that simulates, at a high level of aggregation, the interactions of combat units in contact. A sensitivity experiment, using a factorial experimental design, was performed on the TARTARUS model. Model design, factor inputs, outputs, calculations,...
Combined Arms Operations Research Activity, Fort Leavenworth, KS, 1983. — 250 p. The CORDIVEM combat simulation model requires large amounts of terrain data for successful modelling of corps and division level processes. As of March 1982 the terrain data was limited to the usual Fulda Gap area of the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG). This document describes the data sources...
General Research Corp., McLean, 1967. — 34 p. An attempt to develop general methods for measuring cost and effectiveness implications of adding automatic data processing to command control systems for ground combat required the development of techniques for marginal-effectiveness analysis. One necessary step for such analysis was the formulation of ground combat missions to...
McLean, Virginia: Science Applications Inc., 1977. — 232 p. The purpose of this study is to determine what has been learned about the value of tactical mobility and what it means, and to delineate those investigations still needed to measure this value. It focuses on tactical, as opposed to strategic, mobility and concentrates on ground combat elements in the theater of...
National University of Singapore, 2002. — 72 p. Mathematics in arts and architecture. In Geometry of War, we look at four main sections namely, Gunnery, Range finding and Surveying, Fortifications and lastly Troops Formations. In Gunnery, we traced the development of cannons through the centuries. The cannons had evolved from heavy and cumbersome ones to become much lighter and...
Wiley; 1 edition (March 20, 2012). - 936 p. ISBN10: 0470874295 Explore the military and combat applications of modeling and simulation Engineering Principles of Combat Modeling and Distributed Simulation is the first book of its kind to address the three perspectives that simulation engineers must master for successful military and defense related modeling: the operational view...
New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons, 2012. — 909 p. Engineering Principles of Combat Modeling and Distributed Simulation is the first book of its kind to address the three perspectives that simulation engineers must master for successful military and defense related modeling: the operational view (what needs to be modeled); the conceptual view (how to do combat modeling); and the...
Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, Calif, 1978. — 65 p. The Combined Arms Tactical Training Simulator (CATTS) is studied with a view towards evaluating the training effectiveness of command and control instruction. The objectives and goals of the CATTS system are reviewed, as well as the training system itself. Concepts and methodology for the evaluation of the CATTS system...
Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA, 1996. — 67 p. The Throughput II mobility optimization model was developed at the Naval Postgraduate School for the Air Force Studies and Analysis Agency (AFSAA). The purpose of Throughput II is to help answer questions about the ability of the USAF to conduct airlift of soldiers and equipment in support of major military operations....
Report. U.S. Army Research Office. 1977. – 613 p.
This is a technical report resulting from the Twenty-second Conference of Army Mathematicians. It contains most of the papers on the agenda of this meeting. These treat various Army applied mathematical problems.
Report. U.S. Army Research Office. 1976. – 718 p.
Army Mathematics Steering Committee (AMSC). This is a technical report resulting from the Twenty-first Conference of Army Mathematicians. It contains most of the papers on the Agenda of this meeting. These treat various Army applied mathematical problems.
Charlottesville, Virginia: US Army Foreign Science and Technology center, School of Engineering and Applied Science University of Virginia, 1978. — 496 p.
The theme of the Twenty-fourth Conference of Army Mathematicians was «stochastic processes». Four of the six invited speakers, listed below , spoke on topics related to this theme. In recent years, there has been a shift of...
Without authors. Report. U.S. Army Research Office. 1978. – 663 p.
This is a technical report resulting from the Twenty-third Conference of Army Mathematicians. It contains most of the papers on the agenda of this meeting. These treat various Army applied mathematical problems.
Alexandria, VA: Army Military Personnel Center, 1984. — 90 p. This research effort proposes a methodology to calculate an aircraft's vulnerability in an air-to-air engagement. The primal processes of such an engagement--detection, acquisition, missile launch, missile intercept and probability of kill--are modeled using an electro-optical device as the source of target...
Oklahoma Univ Norman, 1996. — 223 p. The target acquisition fire support model (TAFSM) is a large scale, automated, artillery combat simulation model. This model has been developed over a period of years to include increasingly large and realistic battlefield situations and still retain its efficiency. To process more complicated battlefield scenarios within time constraints,...
Translation from Russian. — Foreign Technology Division, 1971. — 240 p. Оригинальное издание : Уфимцев П.Я. Метод краевых волн в физической теории дифракции /file/2314383/ The book is a monograph written as a result of research by the author. The diffraction of plane electromagnetic waves by ideally conducting bodies, the surface of which have discontinuities, is investigated...
Naval Postgraduate School. — Monterey, California, 1987. — 87 p. The purpose of this thesis is to model a Combat System utilizing modern methods of nonlinear nonequilibrium statistical mechanics. This initiates development of methods which eventually can be used as a decision aid to the commander in force planning, battle management, budgeting decisions, doctrinal evaluations,...
Monterey, California: U.S. Naval Postgraduate School, 1987. — 108 p. This thesis incorporates an explicit depiction of chemical warfare (CW) n the AirLand Advanced Research Model (ALARM), being developed at the Naval Postgraduate School based on the Army's AirLand Battle doctrine, the CW module centers on a planning algorithm using the generalized value ystem (GVS) for future...
Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA, 1979. — 52 p. Formal combat models are a means for military analysts and planners to support decisions concerning military projects. The reality, validity and credibility of combat models is still a controversial subject. This paper provides a discussion of the process of gaining fire superiority in combat. Three different input...
Combine Arms Operations Research Activity Fort Leavenworth, KS, 1985. — 62 p. This paper discussed the methodologies used to generate the Combat Results Tables (CRT) for the training simulation ASBALON as provided to USSOUTHCOM in October 1984. CRTs included address direct fire, ambush, small arms against landing helicopters, artillery/mortar, indirect fire and air-to-ground...
Johns Hopkins Univ Laurel, MD, Applied Physics Lab, 1961. — 140 p. A tactical analysis is presented of surface-to-air missile systems. The purpose of this analysis is to provide a suitable quantitative measure of the effectiveness of a guided missile system in defending surface targets. Two problems arise at the outset, (1) the choice of a proper measure of effectiveness, and...
Arlington, Virginia: Evaluation Technologies Inc., 1976. — 167 p. This document is a manual to assist military and operations research analysts in the use of the COMMEL (communications-electronics) 2 Model and in the preparation of the input data base for the model. This manual was prepared by Evaluation Technologies Incorporated (ETI) under contract to the US Army Concepts...
Arlington, Virginia: Evaluation Technologies Inc., 1976. — 346 p. This document is a manual to assist military and operations research analysts in the use of the COMMEL ( comm unications-electronics) II Model and in the preparation of the input data base for the model. This manual was prepared by Evaluation Technologies Incorporated (ETI) under contract to the US Army Concepts...
Arlington, Virginia: Evaluation Technologies Inc., 1976. — 113 p. This document is a manual to assist military and operations research analysts in the use of the COMMEL (communications-electronics) 2 Model and in the preparation of the input data base for the model. This manual was prepared by Evaluation Technologies Incorporated (ETI) under contract to the US Army Concepts...
Weapon systems evaluation group (defense), Arlington, VA, 1976, 274 p. The purpose of this paper is to provide a critical description of four currently available computerized simulations of combat. The paper is intended to be useful to study agencies as an aid in their selection of a model for the study of a specific problem. It should also be useful to the reviewer of modeling...
Monterey, California: U.S. Naval Postgraduate School, 1978. — 245 p. This thesis presents a stochastic simulation model of ground combat. The tactics represented in the model are explained in detail, and a brief explanation of the SIMSCRIPT programming language used in the model is presented. The model is explained in detail, and the computer routines which make up the model...
Office Of The Secretary Of Defense, Washington, DC, 1984. — 50 p. An air defense fire unit's engagement sequence is presented in the context of the three Joint Forward Area Air Defense issues. The engagement sequence interactions and decision processes are enumerated and problem areas identified. The engagement sequence is developed as a finite state machine to facilitate...
Naval Postgraduate School. — Monterey, California, 1997. — 56 p. This study analyzes an original hybrid combat simulation for possible use as the underlying support model for the Joint Warfare Systems (JWARS) analytical simulation. The model employs a fixed increment time advance mechanism but represents individual entities vice aggregated units. Results from an otherwise...
Springer, 2009. — 281 p. — (International Series in Operations Research & Management Science). — ISBN: 978-1-4419-0789-9. This book deals with the processes, methods, and concepts that lie behind modern models of combat. It is intended for readers with at least a scientific bachelor’s degree and some background in basic probability concepts. It includes three appendices that...
Springer Science Business Media, LLC 2009. — 282 p. This book deals with the processes, methods, and concepts that lie behind modern models of combat. It is intended for readers with at least a scientific bachelor’s degree and some background in basic probability concepts. It includes three appendices that address general quantitative methods that are applied throughout the...
Monterey, California: Naval Postgraduate School, 2000. — 24 p. Lanchester sytems are systems of Ordinary Diffential Equations (ODE) where the state variables represent numbers of surviving combat units. They are named for F. W Lanchester (1916), who applied them to aerial combat in WWI. By that time ODE systems had already been used to model various biological phenomena.
Air Force Inst of Tech Wright-Patterson, AFB OH, School of Engineering, 1994. — 179 p. TAC THUNDER, or THUNDER, is a two-sided large scale computer simulation model that simulates air and ground combat, logistics, and limited airlift at the theater level. It is in use by several allied nations, major defense contractors, and various Department of Defense (DoD) analysis...
RAND Corp., Santa Monica, CA, 1979. — 52 p. This report is one of a series of three produced by a Rand study of the relationships between the tactical employment and the technological capabilities of advanced weapons for ground combat. The TIMER model was developed to determine the effects of terrain on target visibility during combat engagements. TIMER supplies data on the...
Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA, 1982. — 21 p. The detailed evaluation of new concepts or systems for ground combat, particularly when they are still in the formulative stage, can assist defense planners and systems designers in understanding the capabilities and limitations of their proposals before major funding and other commitments are made. If the concepts or...
Massachusetts Inst of Tech, Lexington, Lincoln Lab, 1995. — 28 p. An integrated Theater Air Defense (TAD) system must handle a variety of targets including Theater Ballistic Missiles (TBMs), Cruise Missiles (CMs) and manned aircraft (A/C). It must destroy enemy targets without attacking friendly and neutral targets, especially manned A/C. The process of deciding which targets...
Lexington, Massachusetts: MIT Lincoln Laboratory, 2016. — 23 p. The Lanchester combat model has been used extensively to model the results of combat between two sides with (potentially) different quantities and qualities of forces. The model is deterministic assuming that red attrition is proportional to blue force size and quality and similarly for blue attrition. In the model...
Monterey, California: Naval Postgraduate School, 1995. — 62 p. This study proposes a methodology for modeling obstacles and combat engineer forces in a stochastic joint theater level model. The Joint Warfare Analysis Experimental Prototype (JWAEP) model serves as the host model for implementing this methodology. The methods presented in this research allow for the...
Naval Postgraduate School. — Monterey, California, 1995. — 106 p. This study proposes a methodology for modeling the logistics processes for ground units in the Joint Warfare Analysis Experimental Prototype (JWAEP) simulation. The model structure presented in this research allows for the representation of the consumption. movement, and distribution of supplies within the combat...
Naval Postgraduate School. — Monterey, California, 1995. — 105 p. This study proposes a methodology for modeling the logistics processes for ground units in the Joint Warfare Analysis Experimental Prototype (JWAEP) simulation. The model structure presented in this research allows for the representation of the consumption. movement, and distribution of supplies within the combat...
Battelle Columbus Labs, Durham, NC, 1978. — 8 p. The stochastic duel is extended to include the possibility of a near-miss on each round fired, which causes the opponent to displace. During displacement, the displacing contestant cannot return the fire but is still a target for his opponent. An alternative interpretation of this model is to consider the displacement time as the...
Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA, 2014. — 89 p. MANA (Map Aware, Non-uniform, Automata) is an agent-based, time-stepped, stochastic mission-level modeling environment developed by the New Zealand Defense Technology Agency (DTA). While the MANA user manual goes into detail about setting up a scenario and navigating the user interface, it does not discuss some of the...
McLean, Virginia: General Research Corp., 1974. — 289 p. The report is a programmer's manual that describes, in detail, the model logic, data handling, and operation. It contains descriptions of labeled commons, subroutines, and has flow charts for the majority of subroutines. A running guide for both Control Data and UNIVAC versions of the model is included.
University Of Central Florida, Orlando, 1999. — 155 p. Constructive simulations are currently being used in the defense industry as part of the acquisition process to design new weapon systems. Constructive simulation can also be used to answer questions on how to tactically employ this new system early in the systems acquisition process. The goal of this research is to develop...
Human Engineering Lab Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD, 1977. — 14 p. When comparing the effectiveness of scatterable antitank mine systems, the countermeasure of visual detection and avoidance is a significant aspect. The probability of detecting and avoiding antitank mines emplaced on the surface of the ground varies as a function of the height of the mine, the height of...
Air Force Institute of Technology, 1991. — 103 p. This research provided the conceptualization of a model that can be used to aid the operations planner in choosing employment strategies for peacetime contingency operations. The model uses object-oriented design and is constructed in two levels. The top layer of the model is a decision analytic model which provides a framework...
Santa Monica, CA: RAND Corp., 1995. — 227 p. The Joint Integrated Contingency Model (JICM) is a very large simulation system that encompasses the strategic and operational levels of land, air, and naval warfare with a global set of models and databases. This document is an annotated briefing adapted from a class on the use of the ground combat portion of the JICM. It is an...
Monterey, California: U.S. Naval Postgraduate School, 1989. — 61 p. The United States Air Force uses a nonlinear programming model to assess the utilization of weapons and sorties needed achieve a maximum value of destroyed targets in a multi-period. Theater-Level conflict. The current model is modified by mstraining the consumption of weapons. Alternate objective functions are...
Air Force Inst Of Tech Wright-Patterson, AFB OH, School Of Systems And Logistics, 1983. — 381 p. Marine Corps doctrine requires deployment of one combat engineer platoon with each BLT. Engineer squad leaders provide anti-mechanized defense expertise to Battalion Landing Team rifle company commanders. This expertise includes the effective use of barriers and obstacles in...
Army command and general staff Coll Fort Leawenworth KS, 1990. — 135 p. This study analyzes the nature and extent of use of the Correlation of Forces and Means (COFM) in Soviet operational and tactical decision-making. It discusses the historical and military-scientific forces that compel the Soviets to use mathematical methods for solving complex battlefield problems. It...
Monterey, California ; Naval Postgraduate School, 1987. — 58 p. Generalized Lanchester-type differential equations are used to model attrition processes. This system of non-linear equations has multiple equilibrium solutions, which can be determined by a numerical technique called the Continuation Method when the problem's dimensionality is moderate. System dynamics are...
DSTO, Edinburgh (Australia), Info Sciences Lab, 2006. — 61 p. Recent military operations in Afghanistan and Iraq have demonstrated the importance of understanding the social processes and power dynamics of local populations. The goal of this study was to simulate the process of social influence within a population using dynamic social impact theory. The simulations reproduced...
Army Combined Arms Combat Developments Activity, Fort Leavenworth, KS, 1978. — 64 p. This paper contains an analysis of the data collected during the Tanks versus Infantry in a Smoke Environment (TISE) field experiment. The test was conducted at Fort Hunter Liggett, California during August 1977. The purpose of TISE was to provide data on the effects of a smoke environment on...
Monterey, California: U.S. Naval Postgraduate School, 2000. — 150 p. This study explores important factors in battle outcomes through a statistical analysis of data from major historical battles. The data set of CDB90FT has been made available and documented by the Center for Army Analysis (CAA). The quality of the historical data is good. There are 660 battles listed in the...
Monterey, California: U.S. Naval Postgraduate School, 1999. — 142 p. This thesis reviews currently existing attrition methodologies and critically examines the (ATtrition CALibration) ATCAL approach for heterogeneous force mixes. Lanchester attrition-rate coefficients must be calibrated for use in ATCAL. When the aggregated combat results from a Lanchester-type attrition model...
Duke Univ, Durham, NC, Dept Of History, 2001. — 75 p. The purpose of this paper is to discern why the Joint Chiefs of Staff found their military transportation system satisfactory in 1977 only to discover a year later during NIFTY NUGGET that it was woefully inadequate. Were the leaders on the Joint Chiefs of Staff, who were ultimately responsible for answering to the President...
Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA, Dept of Operations Research, 1996. — 60 p. The TIME STRIKE munitions optimization model was introduced in 1995 for use by various US Air Force agencies to develop requirements for conventional munitions, to refine operational plans based on the availability of different mixes of munitions, and to assess the effects of procuring different...
Army Concepts Analysis Agency, Bethesda, MD, 1988. — 38 p. Large-scale, low-resolution simulation models frequently group nuclear weapons effects against area targets into a few aggregated state vectors. This can create serious inaccuracies in the treatment of multiple burst and other time-dependent effects. This paper presents improved techniques for updating nuclear weapon...
Army Concepts Analysis Agency, Bethesda, MD, 1989. — 145 p. This paper proposes specific probabilistic approaches to address several major problems associated with the representation of tactical nuclear warfare at the theater level. The first problem is identifying the locations of small units (potential nuclear targets) such as companies or battalions within theater-level...
Ohio: Battelle Columbus Labs, 1978. — 34 p. A methodology for the computation of the hit/kill probability of a high caliber weapon shooting in a forest is given. We assume that trees are distributed at random according to a Poisson Law. Bullets which hit trees with sufficiently high velocity can penetrate the trunks and continue towards the target. A model is provided for the...
33 p. Personnel retention is one of the most significant challenges faced by the U.S. Army. Central to the problem is understanding the incentives of the stay-or-leave decision for military personnel. Using three years of data from the US Department of Defense, we construct and estimate a Markov chain model of military personnel. Unlike traditional classification approaches,...
Army command and general staff Coll Fort Leavenworth, KS, School of advanced military studies, 2012. — 69 p. Historically, the U.S. Army has had difficulty articulating and justifying force requirements to civilian decision makers. Most recently, the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq reinvigorated the debate over estimated force requirements. Because Army planners have failed...
Research Analysis Corp., McLean, VA, 1957. — 56 p. This Staff Paper presents a concept of war gaming which is tinder active consideration by ORO Study 15.1. It is expected to yield quantitative results in the near future. However, war gaming and its application is now receiving such widespread consideration by Army Schools, Commands and other agencies that a wide distribution...
М.: Министерство обороны СССР, 1985. — 85 с. Учебное пособие посвящено применению марковских цепей к моделированию боевых действий. Марковские цепи являются частным видом случайных процессов с дискретным множеством состояний. Вместе с тем они занимают особо важное положение среди подобных процессов. Это обусловлено тем, что для цепей Маркова хорошо разработан математический...
М.: Министерство обороны СССР, 1985. — 85 с. Учебное пособие посвящено применению марковских цепей к моделированию боевых действий. Марковские цепи являются частным видом случайных процессов с дискретным множеством состояний. Вместе с тем они занимают особо важное положение среди подобных процессов. Это обусловлено тем, что для цепей Маркова хорошо разработан математический...
М.: Министерство обороны СССР, 1989. — 110 с. Задача распределения средств поражения по объектам противника (задача целераспределения) входит в число важнейших и наиболее сложных задач управления войсками в бою. Ее решение заключается в назначении каждому средству поражения определенной цели. Оно опирается на прогнозирование и оценку результатов, которые получаются при выборе...
М.: Министерство обороны СССР, 1989. — 110 с. Задача распределения средств поражения по объектам противника (задача целераспределения) входит в число важнейших и наиболее сложных задач управления войсками в бою. Ее решение заключается в назначении каждому средству поражения определенной цели. Оно опирается на прогнозирование и оценку результатов, которые получаются при выборе...
М.: Граница, 2015. — 248 с. — ISBN: 978-5-94691-737-7. Комплексная количественная оценка военного значения пунктов дислокации и подготовки войск зарубежных стран. В монографии на основе системного подхода, теории и практики квалиметрии исследуются вопросы оценки военного значения стационарных объектов, оперативного оборудования территории зарубежных стран, имеющих различную...
М.: Граница, 2015. — 248 с. — ISBN: 978-5-94691-737-7. Комплексная количественная оценка военного значения пунктов дислокации и подготовки войск зарубежных стран. В монографии на основе системного подхода, теории и практики квалиметрии исследуются вопросы оценки военного значения стационарных объектов, оперативного оборудования территории зарубежных стран, имеющих различную...
Учебник для слушателей и курсантов инженерных ВУЗов ВВС. — Под ред. О.В. Болховитинова. — М.: Военно-воздушная инженерная академия имени Н.Е. Жуковского (ВВИА), 2008. — 224 с. Данный учебник предназначен для слушателей и курсантов подготовки инженеров по факультету летательных аппаратов ВВИА имени профессора Н.Е . Жуковского и инженерных ВУЗов ВВС, имеющих факультеты...
Сборник переводов с английского Ю.С. Голубева-Новожилова. — Под редакцией В.О. Ашкеназы. — М.: Советское радио, 1961. — 362 с. Книга представляет собой сборник переводов статей по вопросам применения теории игр в военном деле. Помещенные в сборнике статьи охватывают широкий диапазон военных проблем - от тактики одиночных боев-дуэлей между танками и боевыми самолетами до...
Сборник переводов с английского Ю.С. Голубева-Новожилова. — Под редакцией В.О. Ашкеназы. — М.: Советское радио, 1961. — 362 с. Книга представляет собой сборник переводов статей по вопросам применения теории игр в военном деле. Помещенные в сборнике статьи охватывают широкий диапазон военных проблем - от тактики одиночных боев-дуэлей между танками и боевыми самолетами до...
Лабораторный практикум. — СПб.: Балтийский государственный технический университет (БГТУ) имени Д.Ф. Устинова "Военмех", 2009. — 41 с. Практикум содержит описания ряда лабораторных работ по курсу "Моделирование". Выполнение данного практикума позволит закрепить навыки использования методов стохастического моделирования для решения прикладных инженерных задач в области...
Быстров О.Ф., Мальцев А.В., Охотников Г.Н., Ролдугин В.Д., Торбин В.У. — Учебник. — М.: РВСН, 1993. — 488 с. Учебник содержит теоретические положения, формульные зависимости и разобранные примеры по вероятностно-статистическим основам моделирования военно-технических систем. Содержание учебника соответствует учебным программам высших военно-учебных заведений для большинства...
Благовещенск: Дальневосточный военный институт им. К.К. Рокоссовского, н.г. — 34 с. Что такое линейное программирование. Основные направления использования линейного программирования в военном деле. Задачи о перевозках (транспортная) задача. Задачи оптимального распределения средств поражения. Симплекс-метод. Заключение.
Учебное пособие. — СПб.: БГТУ, 2021. — 133 с. Изложены теоретические основы анализа и оценки надежности сложных технических систем, а также подробно рассмотрен практический аспект автоматизированной оценки надежности и технических рисков сложных технических систем военного назначения с применением пакета прикладных программ PTC Windchill Quality Solutions 11.0; приведены...
М.: Воениздат, 1982. — 237 с. В книге содержатся практические рекомендации по моделированию и автоматизации управления тылом. Освещается область применения математических методов при реализации моделей тылового обеспечения войск органами управления с использованием средств автоматизации. Книга предназначена для офицеров тыла и слушателей вузов тыла, а также для специалистов в...
Учебное пособие. — Харьков: Военная инженерная радиотехническая академия противовоздушной обороны имени маршала Советского Союза Л.А. Говорова (ВИРТА ПВО), 1987. — 383 с. Может использоваться при изучении вопросов теории математического моделирования боевых действий и операций, а также в ходе практического построения моделей и их программ для ЭВМ. Введение Основы теории...
Опыт методического руководства для преподавателей математики в школе повышенного типа. — М.; Л.: Государственное издательство, 1930. — 96 с. Настоящий труд является естественным продолжением ряда работ подобного рода, в которых автор принимал непосредственное участие. Как на первый опыт увязки военного дела с курсом математики следует указать на «Комплексный математический...
Опыт методического руководства для преподавателей математики в школе повышенного типа. — Москва: Ленинград: Государственное издательство, 1930. — 96 с. Настоящий труд является естественным продолжением ряда работ подобного рода, в которых автор принимал непосредственное участие. Как на первый опыт увязки военного дела с курсом математики следует указать на «Комплексный...
Монография. — Москва: РИОР, 2023. — 161 с. — ISBN 978-5-369-02102-6. В данной монографии публикуется описание методов и алгоритмов задач преследования на поверхностях. Произведено моделирование задач в среде программирования Mathcad. Развитие цифровых технологий позволяет производить моделирование разнообразных задач из теории дифференциальных игр. В результате компьютерного...
М.: Военное издательство министерства обороны СССР, 1964. — 208 с. В книге показано, как на основании теории поиска можно получить практические рекомендации наилучшего способа действия при поиске объектов и при уклонении от поиска в различных условиях. Методы научного анализа, относящиеся к вопросам встречи и обнаружения движущихся объектов, освещаются в теории поиска. В...
М.: Военное издательство министерства обороны СССР, 1964. — 208 с. В книге показано, как на основании теории поиска можно получить практические рекомендации наилучшего способа действия при поиске объектов и при уклонении от поиска в различных условиях. Методы научного анализа, относящиеся к вопросам встречи и обнаружения движущихся объектов, освещаются в теории поиска. В...
М.: Военное издательство МО СССР, 1965. — 132 с. — (Научно-популярная библиотека). Эта книга поможет читателю, не обладающему специальной подготовкой, познакомиться с тем, как математика помогает решать важные проблемы современного военного дела. Читатель познакомится с новыми, бурно развивающимися направлениями в математической науке, связанными с революцией в военном деле. Книга...
М.: Военное издательство министерства обороны СССР, 1965. — 132 с. — (Научно-популярная библиотека).
Эта книга поможет читателю, не обладающему специальной подготовкой, познакомиться с тем, как математика помогает решать важные проблемы современного военного дела. Читатель познакомится с новыми, бурно развивающимися направлениями в математической науке, связанными с революцией...
(лекция). — Монино: Военно-воздушная краснознаменная ордена Кутузова академия имени Ю.А.Гагарина, 1968. — 32 с. В лекции изложены содержание и практическое применение предельных теорем Ляпунова и Лапласа, широко применяющихся в задачах о боевой эффективности, а также дана характеристика распределения Пуассона. Излагаемый теоретический материал иллюстрируется решением...
Монографiя. — Харків: Військовий інститут внутрішніх військ МВС України, 2005. — 292 с. Книга присвячена проблемам математичного моделювання процесів вогневого протиборства бойових систем. Предметом вивчення монографії є вогневі дуелі - короткочасне вогневе зіткнення двох противників, що вони обмінюються обмеженою кількістю взаємних вогневих ударів. Теоретичною основою для...
Монографiя. — Харків: Військовий інститут внутрішніх військ МВС України, 2005. — 292 с. Книга присвячена проблемам математичного моделювання процесів вогневого протиборства бойових систем. Предметом вивчення монографії є вогневі дуелі - короткочасне вогневе зіткнення двох противників, що вони обмінюються обмеженою кількістю взаємних вогневих ударів. Теоретичною основою для...
СПб.: ВВМ, 2015. — 121 c. — ISBN 978-5-9651-0934-0. В данной книге основное внимание уделено приведению примеров решения задач из практики натурных испытаний ракетной техники, проведению математического моделирования, основываясь на указанных фундаментальных работах. Вопросы моделирования рассматриваются как общий подход к разработке программно-методического обеспечения...
СПб.: ВВМ, 2015. — 121 c. — ISBN 978-5-9651-0934-0. В данной книге основное внимание уделено приведению примеров решения задач из практики натурных испытаний ракетной техники, проведению математического моделирования, основываясь на указанных фундаментальных работах. Вопросы моделирования рассматриваются как общий подход к разработке программно-методического обеспечения...
Учебник. — Харьков: Военная инженерная радиотехническая академия ПВО имени Маршала Советского Союза Л.А. Говорова, 1992. — 233 с.
Учебник содержит три раздела. В первом разделе излагаются теоретические основы построения систем зенитного управляемого ракетного оружия (ЗУРО), второй раздел посвящён вопросам анализа ряда боевых свойств системы в целом и зенитных управляемых ракет...
Підручник. — Суми: Сумський державний університет (СумДУ), 2019. — 494 с. У підручнику викладені основи положення теорії ймовірностей, використовувані в артилерії, та приділено значну увагу застосуванню теорії ймовірностей щодо вирішення практичних завдань із різних питань підвищення бойової ефективності артилерії. Підручник призначений для підготовки і проведення занять із...
Учебник. — Москва: Военно-воздушная инженерная академия имени Н. Е. Жуковского (ВВИА), 1968. — 462 с. Книга содержит сведения, являющиеся введением в исследование операций и алгоритмизацию некоторых простейших схем боевых действий. Основное назначение ее — собрать воедино, систематизировать, обобщить и связно изложить идеи и проблемы, относящиеся к исследованию простейших...
Москва: Издание ВВИА им. Н. Е. Жуковского, 1970. — 500 с.: ил. Книга состоит из двух разделов. В первом разделе излагаются математические методы исследования операций: линейное и динамическое программирование, метод статистических испытаний, теория массового обслуживания, динамика средних, теория стратегических игр. Второй раздел посвящен приложению математических методов для...
СПб.: Военно-морская академия (ВМА) имени Н.Г. Кузнецова, 1995. — 39 л. В пособии анализируется место и роль метода моделирования в военных исследованиях и управлении. Выдвигается и раскрывается суть современной трактовки принципа абстрактно-теоретического моделирования. Предлагается четырёхуровневая классификация моделей военных систем. Рассматриваются общие положения...
Учебное пособие. — М.: МИРЭА - Российский технологический университет, 2022. — 196 с. В учебном пособии рассматриваются организационно-технические методы безопасности информационных систем, применяемых в Вооруженных Силах Российской Федерации. Учебное пособие составлено в соответствии с программой военной подготовки по военно-учетной специальности 493000 «Разработка и...
М.: РТУ МИРЭА, 2021. — 239 с. В учебном пособии рассматриваются классификации, характеристики, принципы построения файловой системы операционных систем специального назначения, применяемые в Вооруженных Силах Российской Федерации. Учебное пособие составлено в соответствии с программой военной подготовки по военно-учетной специальности 493000 «Разработка и применение...
М.: МГТУ им.Н.Э.Баумана, 2004. — 199 с. Учебное пособие по курсу «Системное проектирование ракетного и ствольного оружия» посвящено вопросам проектирования сложных технических систем (СТС) и состоит из двух взаимосвязанных частей. В первой части пособия рассматриваются методологические основы теории СТС, излагаются основные положения системного подхода к процессу проектирования,...
Монография. — М.: Ленанд, 2025. — 528 с. В монографии с позиций системного и деятельностного подходов изложены теоретические основы военной кибернетики, описаны математические модели военных и боевых (общевойсковых, морских и воздушных) действий, а также специальных действий и охраны государственной границы. Монография предназначена для специалистов в области...
Монография. — М.: Дельта, 2005. — 344 с. В монографии изложена современная версия системной методологии военно-научных исследований авиационных комплексов военного назначения, центральное место в которой занимают методологические и методические вопросы обоснования их перспектив развития и требований к ним. Обоснован понятийный аппарат, система показателей и критериев...
Военно-морская школа последипломного образования (Naval postgraduate school, California), 2000. – 188 с. (на англ. яз.). Специальность: Исследование операций (Operations research). This thesis extends previous research on validating Lanchester's equations with real data. The quality of the available historical data for validation of attrition models is poor. Most accessible...
Военно-морская школа последипломного образования (Naval postgraduate school, California), 2000. – 187 с. (на англ. яз.). Специальность: моделирование и виртуальная реальность (Мodeling, virtual environments, and simulation). This thesis applies several Firepower Score attrition algorithms to real data. These algorithms are used in highly aggregated combat models to predict...
Монография. — СПб.: СПБ-региональное отделение РАЕН, 2011. — 416 с. Монография содержит изложение современного метода анализа структурно-сложных систем - общего логико-вероятностного метода и его реализации в программных комплексах автоматизированного моделирования структурно-сложных систем в применении в анализу технических, военных организационно-функциональных систем и...
М.: Советское радио, 1977. — 300 с. От редактора. Предисловие к русскому изданию. Предисловие. Об установлении целей. Введение. Внешние факторы при контроле над вооружением. Предварительные замечания. Что такое контроль над вооружением? Некоторые текущие задачи контроля над вооружением. Роль математических моделей. Один метод сравнения и оценки. Стабильность политик. Равновесие...
Минск: Белорусский национальный технический университет, 2020. — 89 с. В работе раскрываются некоторые особенности связанные с работой системы ситуационных оценок по выявленным мерам, проводимым политическими и военными структурами в ходе конфликта низкой интенсивности с прикладными задачами по оценке соотношений возможностей сторон при проведении мер политического,...
Учебное пособие. — СПб.: Балтийский государственный технический университет (БГТУ) имени Д.Ф. Устинова "Военмех", 2008. — 135 с. — ISBN 978-5-85546-378-1. Излагаются общие вопросы динамики полета летательных аппаратов, включая некоторые специальные разделы. Подробно описывается вывод уравнений пространственного движения ЛА как твердого тела. Рассматриваются математические...
2-е издание, испр. и дополн. — Под общ. ред. П.Г. Скачко. — М.: Военное издательство Министерства обороны СССР, 1974. — 143 с. В книге раскрыты сущность системы сетевого планирования и управления, ее преимущества перед существующей системой, показано ее значение в военном деле и даны рекомендации по применению. Изложены основные понятия о системе сетевого планирования и...
2-е издание, испр. и дополн. — Под общ. ред. П.Г. Скачко. — М.: Военное издательство Министерства обороны СССР, 1974. — 143 с. В книге раскрыты сущность системы сетевого планирования и управления, ее преимущества перед существующей системой, показано ее значение в военном деле и даны рекомендации по применению. Изложены основные понятия о системе сетевого планирования и...
Монография. — Под ред. В.Д. Скугарева. — М.: Военное Издательство Министерства Обороны СССР, 1973. — 248 с. В книге изложены основы метода сетевого планирования и приводятся примеры использования данного метода в различных сферах флотской деятельности: в боевой подготовке, тыловом обеспечении, научных исследованиях и пр. Планирование органически присуще социалистической системе...
Монография. — М.: Воениздат, 1976. — 317 с. Изложены основные понятия и прикладные возможности теории игр, теоретико-игровые модели наступательных и оборонительных боевых действий на море, математические методы учёта динамики боевых действий на море и информации об этих действиях, теоретико-игровые модели боевых действий дуэльного типа, теоретико-игровые модели...
Монография. — М.: Воениздат, 1976. — 317 с. Изложены основные понятия и прикладные возможности теории игр, теоретико-игровые модели наступательных и оборонительных боевых действий на море, математические методы учёта динамики боевых действий на море и информации об этих действиях, теоретико-игровые модели боевых действий дуэльного типа, теоретико-игровые модели...
Москва: Военное издательство Министерства обороны СССР, 1974. — 240 с. В книге рассматриваются принципиальные вопросы о применении математики для исследования вооруженной борьбы. В ней раскрываются основные закономерности и математические методы исследования вооруженной борьбы; описание методов формализации явлений вооруженной борьбы и деятельности командиров иллюстрируется...
Монография. — Под редакцией П.Н. Ткаченко. — М.: Советское радио, 1969. — 240 с. В книге изложены основные вопросы применения математических методов для описания и моделирования боевых действий. Рассмотрены возможности количественной оценки целого ряда конфликтных ситуаций, начиная от простейших боев дуэльного типа до сложных групповых столкновений при различных боевых...
Монография. — Под редакцией П. Н. Ткаченко. — М.: Советское радио, 1969. — 240 с. Математические методы моделирования боевых действий тактических подразделений при помощи электронных вычислительных машин. В книге изложены основные вопросы применения математических методов для описания и моделирования боевых действий. Рассмотрены возможности количественной оценки целого ряда...
Учебное пособие. — СПб.: Балтийский государственный технический университет (БГТУ) имени Д.Ф. Устинова "Военмех", 1998. — 140 с. В учебном пособии рассмотрены математические модели для исследования систем наведения летательных аппаратов, включающие математические модели летательных аппаратов и элементов системы управления. Приводится методика составления математических моделей...
Монография. — Перевод с англ. с сокр. — Монтерей, Калифорния: Школа последипломной подготовки ВМС, 1980. — б.д. Эта монография посвящена созданию моделей боевых действий ланчестеровского типа, т.е. моделям в виде дифференциальных уравнений потерь в боевых операциях противостоящих сил. Целью написания монографии является введение и обзор современных моделей боевых действий...
М.: Воениздат, 1970. — 256 с.
В книге изложены вопросы применения бурно развивающейся в настоящее время науки - исследования операций к решению задач военного дела, и в первую очередь управления войсками; рассмотрены основные положения исследования операций к решению военных задач и приведены типичные задачи исследования операций, которые могут быть использованы в военном деле....
Учебник. — М.: Воениздат, 1970. — 143 с.
В книге изложены вопросы применения бурно развивающейся в настоящее время науки исследования операций к решению задач военного тела, и в первую очередь управления войсками: рассмотрены основные положения исследования операций, особенности применения методов исследования операций к решению военных задач и приведены типичные задачи...
Под общей ред. Ю.В. Чуева. — М.: Советское радио, 1965. — 592 с. В книге рассматриваются основные характеристики изделий военной техники, их надежность, эффективность, экономичность и т. д. Даются методы оценки этих характеристик в различных боевых и эксплуатационных ситуациях при помощи аналитических методов и метода статистического моделирования. Рассматриваются задачи оценки...
Под общей ред. Ю.В. Чуева. — М.: Советское радио, 1965. — 592 с. В книге рассматриваются основные характеристики изделий военной техники, их надежность, эффективность, экономичность и т. д. Даются методы оценки этих характеристик в различных боевых и эксплуатационных ситуациях при помощи аналитических методов и метода статистического моделирования. Рассматриваются задачи оценки...
М.: Воениздат, 1975. — 279 с.
В книге анализируются существующие и развивающиеся методы прогнозирования (эвристические, математические, комбинированные) и рассматривается их применение для решения различных военных задач. Показываются ошибки всех методов и их влияние на результаты принимаемых решений и конечные результаты операций. Освещаются области применения тех или иных...
СПб.: Балтийский государственный технический университет (БГТУ) имени Д.Ф. Устинова "Военмех", 2009. — 188 с. — ISBN 978-5-85546-491-7. Рассматривается одна из основных задач современной динамики полета — задача ситуационного управления высокоточными беспилотными летательными аппаратами в условиях действия организованных помех и огневого противодействия. Предлагается принцип...
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