Hohl Alexandre (ed.) Testosterone: From Basic to Clinical Aspects

2nd edition. — Springer, 2023. — 515 p. — ISBN 978-3-031-31500-8.This book provides a broad overview on testosterone, from its basic features to the most recent evidence of clinical applicability. In addition, specific conditions in which testosterone play a pivotal role are discussed in detail, such as hypogonadism, misuse and abuse, puberty, cardiovascular effects and testosterone therapy.The testes are vital organs for reproduction of the human species, besides being the main source of testosterone production in men. Although not essential for survival, these singular structures represent the essence of male biological function.Testosterone is the most important testicular androgen in men. Low serum testosterone levels are associated with cardiovascular morbidity, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes mellitus, atherosclerosis, osteoporosis, sarcopenia, and mortality. Also, there is increasing evidence that serum testosterone is a major biomarker status of men's health in general.Hypogonadism in a male refers to a decrease in one or both of the two major functions of the testes: sperm production or testosterone production. These abnormalities can result from disease of the testes (primary hypogonadism) or disease of the pituitary or hypothalamus (secondary hypogonadism). Currently, the clinical features of male hypogonadism are sufficiently well-recognized, the causes are well-known, and the tests of the hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis are accurate enough for the diagnosis in most patients.Testosterone, the focus hormone of this book, is used in different forms and routes of administration. Several authors unravel its peculiarities and assist in choosing the most suitable form in each case, as well as the possible risks of its misuse or even abuse in men and women, seeking alternatives to help patients in this situation.The Cultural and Medical History of the Testes and Testosterone:​ From Antiquity to Modern Times
Androgen Receptor in Health and Disease
Physiology of Male Gonadotropic Axis and Disorders of Sex Development
Utility and Limitations in Measuring Testosterone
Male Puberty:​ What Is Normal and Abnormal?​
Gynecomastia
Hypogonadotropic​ and Hypergonadotropi​c Hypogonadism
Functional Hypogonadism:​ Diabetes Mellitus, Obesity, Metabolic Syndrome, and Testosterone
Male Hypogonadism and Aging:​ An Update
Male Hypogonadism and Traumatic Brain Injury
Male Hypogonadism and Fertility
Anabolic Steroid-Induced Hypogonadism
Testosterone Therapy:​ Oral Androgens
Testosterone Therapy:​ Transdermal Androgens
Testosterone Therapy:​ Injectable Androgens
Benefits and Adverse Events of Testosterone Therapy
Testosterone and Sexual Function
Testosterone Therapy and Prostate Cancer
Testosterone and Cardiovascular Effects
Androgens and Women
Transgender Adult Males and Testosterone Hormone Therapy
Influence of Endocrine Disruptors on Male Reproductive Tract
Testosterone Misuse and Abuse