Beilis I. Plasma and Spot Phenomena in Electrical Arcs

Springer, 2020. — 1157 p. — (Springer Series on Atomic, Optical, and Plasma Physics 113). — ISBN: 978-3-030-44746-5.This book is devoted to a thorough investigation of the physics and applications of the vacuum arc – a highly-ionized metallic plasma source used in a number of applications – with emphasis on cathode spot phenomena and plasma formation. The goal is to understand the origins and behavior of the various complex and sometimes mysterious phenomena involved in arc formation, such as cathode spots, electrode vaporization, and near-electrode plasma formation. The book takes the reader from a model of dense cathode plasma based on charge-exchange ion-atom collisions through a kinetic approach to cathode vaporization and on to metal thermophysical properties of cathodes. This picture is further enhanced by an in-depth study of cathode jets and plasma acceleration, the effects of magnetic fields on cathode spot behavior, and electrical characteristics of arcs and cathode spot dynamics. The book also describes applications to space propulsion, thin film deposition, laser plasma generation, and magnetohydrodynamics, making this comprehensive and up-to-date volume a valuable resource for researchers in academia and industry.Base Plasma Particle Phenomena at the Surface and in Plasma Volume
Atom Vaporization and Electron Emission from a Metal Surface
Heat Conduction in a Solid Body. Local Heat Sources
The Transport Equations and Diffusion Phenomena in Multicomponent Plasma
Basics of Cathode-Plasma Transition. Application to the Vacuum Arc
Vacuum Arc Ignition. Electrical Breakdown
Arc and Cathode Spot Dynamics and Current Density
Electrode Erosion. Total Mass Losses
Electrode Erosion. Macroparticle Generation
Electrode Energy Losses. Effective Voltage
Repulsive Effect in an Arc Gap and Force Phenomena as a Plasma Flow Reaction
Cathode Spot Jets. Velocity and Ion Current
Cathode Spot Motion in a Transverse and in an Oblique Magnetic Field
Anode Phenomena in Electrical Arcs
Cathode Spot Theories. History and Evolution of the Mechanisms
Gasdynamic Theory of Cathode Spot. Mathematically Closed Formulation
Kinetic Theory. Mathematical Formulation of a Physically Closed Approach
Spot Plasma and Plasma Jet
Cathode Spot Motion in Magnetic Fields
Theoretical Study of Anode Spot. Evolution of the Anode Region Theory
Unipolar Arcs. Experimental and Theoretical Study
Vacuum Arc Plasma Sources. Thin Film Deposition
Vacuum-Arc Modeling with Respect to a Space Microthruster Application
Application of Cathode Spot Theory to Laser Metal Interaction and Laser Plasma Generation
Application of Cathode Spot Theory for Arcs Formed in Technical Devices