Pahlavan K., Krishnamurthy P. Principles of Wireless Access and Localization

Chichester: John Wiley & Sons, 2013. — 736 p.A comprehensive, encompassing and accessible text examining a wide range of key Wireless Networking and Localization technologies This book provides a unified treatment of issues related to all wireless access and wireless localization techniques. The book reflects principles of design and deployment of infrastructure for wireless access and localization for wide, local, and personal networking. Description of wireless access methods includes design and deployment of traditional TDMA and CDMA technologies and emerging Long Term Evolution (LTE) techniques for wide area cellular networks, the IEEE 802.11/Wi-Fi wireless local area networks as well as IEEE 802.15 Bluetooth, ZigBee, Ultra Wideband (UWB), RF Microwave and body area networks used for sensor and ad hoc networks. The principles of wireless localization techniques using time-of-arrival and received-signal-strength of the wireless signal used in military and commercial applications in smart devices operating in urban, indoor and inside the human body localization are explained and compared. Questions, problem sets and hands-on projects enhances the learning experience for students to understand and appreciate the subject. These include analytical and practical examples with software projects to challenge students in practically important simulation problems, and problem sets that use MatLAB. Key features: Provides a broad coverage of main wireless technologies including emerging technical developments such as body area networking and cyber physical systems Written in a tutorial form that can be used by students and researchers in the field Includes practical examples and software projects to challenge students in practically important simulation problemsElements of Information Networks
Evolution of Applications, Devices, and Networks
Information Network Infrastructures and Wireless Access
Connection Between Wireless Access and Localization
Standards Organizations for Information Networking
Four Markets in the Evolution of Wireless Networking Standards
Trends in Wireless Data Applications
Evolution of Wireless Access to the PSTN
Cordless Telephone Systems
Cellular Telephone Networks
Evolution of Wireless Access to the Internet
Local Wireless Data Networks
Wide Area Wireless Data Networks
Evolution of Wireless Localization Technologies
TOA-based Wireless Localization
RSS-based Localization
Structure of this BookPrinciples of Air-Interference DesignCharacteristics of the Wireless MediumCauses of Multipath Propagation
Effects of Multipath Propagation
Applied Channel Models for Wireless Communication Applications
Modeling of Large-scale RSS, Path Loss, and Shadow Fading
General Features of Large-Scale RSS
Friis Equation and Path-Loss Modeling in Free Space
Empirical Determination of Path Loss Gradient
Shadow Fading and Fading Margin
Popular Models for Path Loss and Shadow Fading
Modeling of RSS Fluctuations and Doppler Spectrum
Friis' Equation and Geometric Ray Tracing
Modeling of Small-Scale Fading
Modeling of Doppler Spectrum
Wideband Modeling of Multipath Characteristics
Impulse Response, Multipath Intensity, and Bandwidth
Multipath Spread, ISI, and Bandwidth
Wideband Channel Models in Standardization Organizations
Simulation of Channel Behavior
Emerging Channel Models
Wideband Channel Models for Geolocation
SIMO and MIMO Channel Models
Appendix A: What Is the Decibel?
Physical Layer Alternatives forWireless NetworksPhysical Layer Basics: Data rate, Bandwidth, and Power
Data Rate and Bandwidth
Power and Error Rate
Shannon-Hartley Bound on Achievable Data Rate
Performance in Multipath Wireless Channels
Effects of Flat Fading
ISI Effects Due to Multipath
Wireless Transmission Techniques
Power Efficient Short Distance Baseband Transmission
Bandwidth Efficient Carrier Modulated Transmission
Multipath Resistant Techniques
Flat Fading, Antenna Diversity, and MIMO
Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum Transmissions
FH-CDMA and OFDM
Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum Transmission
DS-CDMA and M-ary Orthogonal Coding
Comparison of DSSS, FHSS and OFDM
Coding Techniques for Wireless Communications
Block Codes
Convolutional Codes
Turbocodes and Other Advanced Codes
Space-Time Coding
Automatic Repeat Request Schemes
Block Interleaving
Scrambling
Speech Coding
Cognitive Radio and Dynamic Spectrum Access
Appendix A
Medium Access MethodsCentralized Assigned-Access Schemes
Frequency Division Multiple Access
Time Division Multiple Access
Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA)
Comparison of CDMA, TDMA and FDMA
Performance of Assigned-Access Methods
Distributed Random Access for Data Oriented Networks
Random Access Methods for Data Services
Access methods for LANs
Performance of Random Access Methods
Integration of Voice and Data Traffic
Access Methods for Integrated Services
Data Integration in Voice-Oriented Networks
Voice Integration into Data-Oriented NetworksPrinciple of Network Infrastructure DesignDeployment ofWireless NetworksWireless Network Architectures
Classification of Wireless Networks Based on Topologies
Classification of Wireless Networks Based on Coverage
Interference in Wireless Networks
Interference Range
Probability of Interference
Empirical Results
Deployment of Wireless LANs
Cellular Topology, Cell Fundamentals, and Frequency Reuse
The Cellular Concept
Cellular Hierarchy
Cell Fundamentals and Frequency Reuse
Signal to Interference Ratio Calculation
Capacity Expansion Techniques
Architectural Methods for Capacity Expansion
Channel Allocation Techniques and Capacity Expansion
Migration to Digital Systems
Network Planning for CDMA Systems
Issues in CDMA Network Planning
Migration from Legacy Systems
Femtocells
Wireless Network OperationsOperations in Cellular Telephone Networks
Operations in Wireless Local Area Networks
Operations in Wireless Personal Area Networks
Cell Search and Registration
Mobility Management
Location Management
Handoff Management
Mobile IP and IMS
Radio Resources and Power Management
Adjusting Link Quality
Power Control
Power Saving Mechanisms in Wireless Networks
Energy Efficient Designs
Energy Efficient Software Approaches
Wireless Network SecurityGeneral Security Threats
Cryptographic Protocols for Security
Security in Wireless Local Networks
Security Threats
Security Protocols
Security in Wireless Personal Networks
Security Threats
Security Protocols
Security in Wide Area Wireless Networks
Security Threats
Security Protocols
Miscellaneous Issues
Appendix A: An Overview of Cryptography and Cryptographic ProtocolsWireless Local AccessWireless LANsEarly Experiences
Emergence of Unlicensed Bands
Products, Bands, and Standards
Shift in Marketing Strategy
Wireless Local Area Networks and Standards
WLAN Standards and Standards Activities
Ethernet and IEEE
Overview of IEEE
IEEE WLAN Operations
Topology and Architecture
The IEEE MAC Layer
The PHY Layer
Capacity of Infrastructure WLANs
Security Issues and Implementation in IEEE
Low Power Sensor NetworksBluetooth
Overall Architecture
Protocol Stack
Physical Layer
MAC Mechanism
Frame Formats
Connection Management
Security
IEEE and ZigBee
Overall Architecture
Protocol Stack and Operation
Physical Layer
MAC Layer
Frame Format
Comparison of ZigBee with Bluetooth and Wi-Fi
IEEE Body Area Networks
What is a BAN?
Overall Architecture and Applications
Channel Measurement and Modeling
Physical and MAC Layer
GigabitWirelessUWB Networking at - GHz
Gigabit Wireless at GHz
UWB Communications at - GHz
Impulse Radio and Time Hopping Access
Direct Sequence UWB
Multi-Band OFDM
Channel Models for UWB Communications
Gigabit Wireless at GHz
Architecture and Application Scenarios
Transmission and Medium Access
Channel Models for GHz mmWave NetworksWide Area Wireless AccessTDMA Cellular SystemsWhat is TDMA Cellular?
Original Services and Shortcomings
Reference Architecture for a Cellular Network
Mechanisms to Support a Mobile Environment
Registration
Call Establishment
Handoff
Security
Communication Protocols
Layer I: Physical Layer
Layer II: Data Link Layer
Layer III: Networking Layer
Channel Models for Cellular Networks
Path Loss Models for Cellular Networks
Models for Scattering Function of Cellular Networks
Transmission Techniques in TDMA Cellular
Evolution of TDMA for Internet Access
Architectural and MAC Layer Changes
Data Rate in TDMA Packet Switched Networks
CDMA Cellular SystemsWhy CDMA?
CDMA Based Cellular Systems
Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum
Receiver Processing with Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum
Channelization using Orthogonal Sequences
Multipath Diversity with PN Sequences
Communication Channels and Protocols in Example CDMA Systems
The G CDMA System
The G UMTS System
Cell Search, Mobility, and Radio Resource Management in CDMA
Cell Search
Soft Handoff
Power Control
High Speed Packet Access
OFDM and MIMO Cellular SystemsWhy OFDM?
Robustness in Multipath Dispersion
Flexible Allocation of Resources
Challenges with OFDM
Multiple Input Multiple Output
Diversity
Spatial Multiplexing
Beamforming
WiMax
General Architecture of WiMax
MAC Layer of WiMAX
PHY Layer of WiMax
Long Term Evolution
Architecture and Protocol Stack
Downlink in LTE
Uplink in LTE
LTE Operational Aspects
Miscellaneous
LTE AdvancedWireless LocalizationGeolocation SystemsWhat is Wireless Geolocation?
Wireless Emergency Services
Performance Measures for Geolocation Systems
RF Location Sensing and Positioning Methodologies
Generic Architecture
Positioning Algorithms
Positioning Standards for Cellular Telephone Systems
Location Services Architecture for Cellular Systems
Cellular Network Architecture
Location Services Architecture
Over the Air (Access Network) Communications for Location Services
Signaling in the Fixed Infrastructure (Core Network) for Location Services
Mobile Location Protocol
Positioning in Ad Hoc and Sensor Networks
Fundamentals of RF LocalizationModeling of the Behavior of RF Sensors
Behavior of RSS Sensors
Behavior of TOA Sensors
Models of the Behavior of DOA
Performance Bounds for Ranging
Fundamentals of Estimation Theory and CRLB
RSS-based Localization
TOA-based Localization
DOA-based Localization
Wireless Positioning Algorithms
Relation between Ranging and Positioning
RSS-based Pattern Recognition Algorithms
TOA-based Least Square Algorithms
Wireless Localization in PracticeEmergence of Wi-Fi Localization
Evolution of Wi-Fi Localization
Wi-Fi Localization: TOA versus RSS
How does RSS-based Wi-Fi Localization Work?
Comparison of Wi-Fi Localization Systems
RTLS: Wi-Fi Localization for RFID Applications
WPS: Software GPS
Practical TOA Measurement
Measurement of TOA using a Narrowband Carrier Phase
Wideband TOA Measurement and Super-resolution Algorithm
UWB TOA Measurement
Localization in the Absence of DP
Ranging Error in the Absence of DP
Effects of Bandwidth
Localization using Multipath Diversity
Cooperative Localization Using Spatial Diversity
Challenges in Localization inside the Human Body
Bounds on RSS-based Localization inside the Human Body
Challenges in TOA-based RF Localization inside the Human Body
Modeling of Wideband RF Propagation from inside the Human Body