New York, USA: Pegasus Books, 2007. — 464 p. — ISBN: 978-1-933648-38-5.
Acknowledgements
Foreword
PART ONE: 1930-49Dawn of an eraDocument: June 1933 'Highly confidential' Italian Government telegram from the Director of Special Affairs, prohibiting to mention landing of an unknown aircraft on national soil
Second World WarFoo-fighters
Other aerial phenomena
Fighter plane attacks 'balloon'
'Prepare for a ditch!'
Crash-landings
Document: Previously secret report from Gen G.C. Marshall to Pr. Rousevelt about L. Angeles alarm in Feb 1942
Document: Previously secret report on a sighting by RAF bomber during a raid on Turin in Nov 1942
Press: part of articles from Newsweek and Times of 15 Jan 1945 about the mysterious 'foo-fighters' encountered by Allied and Axis aircrews
Ghost rocketsCollision course
Further censorship
Military and scientific intelligence
Document: A Top Secret US War Department message (16 Jul 1946) on the 2,000-plus sightings of 'ghost rockets' and 'spook bombs' over Scandinavia and other countries
Press: The Washington Post: Lead story (14 Aug 1946) relating to a reported aerial collision with one of the ghost rockets
Document: Part of a Top Secret US Naval Intelligence report (16 Aug 1946) expressing bewilderment and confusion about the ghost rockets
Document: A Top Secret US War Department message (1 Oct 1946) addressing American concerns that the British may not have given them 'all available information on reported rockets'
Drawing: Sketch (from R H Hall, UFO Evidence, 1964): The 'ghost rocket' encountered by an Eastern Airlines DC-3 at 02:45 on 25 July 1948, near Montgomery, Alabama
Conflict'Peculiar phenomena' deflect V-2 rocket
Retaliation
'Falling silver objects'
Press: Articles in Las Cruces Sun News, New Mexico and NY Times (1 and 16 June 1947), reporting Pr. Truman's concern about the unprecedented wave of military and civilian air disasters
Press: El Paso Times, Texas, 28 June 1947: several observers reported disc-like objects 'falling' or 'sailing' out of the sky
Press: NY Times, 7 July 1947: 'Military Planes Hunt Sky Discs With Cameras in Vain on Coast'
RoswellScientific and technical evaluation
Alien bodies
At Roswell Army Air Field
At Fort Riley
Testimony of a biophysicist
Testimony of or Wernher von Braun
Congressional inquiry
Press: Roswell Daily Record (8 July 1947) heading 'RAAF Captures Flying Saucer'. The next day US Army Air Forces had announced that the wreckage was not of a flying saucer but of a weather balloon
Document: US Air Force: A map from 'The Roswell Report: Case Closed' (1997) depicting the various sites relating to the Roswell incident
Document: FUFOR: Affidavit by Brigadier General Thomas J. DuBose confirming that 'the weather balloon explanation for the material was a cover story to divert the attention of the press'
Document: FUFOR: Affidavit by LaVerne Maltais, 23 Apr 1991: relates the discovery of crashed disc-shaped craft with strage bodies in NM by civil engieneer Grady L Barnett in 1940x
Document: FUFOR: Affidavit by Glenn Davis, 8-9-1991: relates observance of wreckage, the information from a nurse at Roswell Army Air Field on alien bodies autopsy 91
Document: US Army Archives: Military records showing that from February 1954 to June 1956, Lt. Col. Philip J. Corso served on the Intelligence Staff of the National Security Council's Operations Coordination Board
An unauthenticated Top Secret/Eyes Only memorandum from Rear Admiral Roscoe Hillenkoetter, Director of Central Intelligence, relating to unidentified discs recovered by the military in New Mexico in July 1947
Andreas von Rityi: Sketches by a Polish biophysicist of the skeletal remains of an alien recovered from 'one of the two incidents in New Mexico'
Document: US Congress: Part of a news release from Congressman S Schiff's office relating to the investigation into the Roswell incident by GAO, stating that 'the outgoing messages from Rosweil Army Air Field for this period oftime were destroyed without proper authority'
Document: Letter from congressman S. Schiff to Timoth Good, 24 May 1994
A state of siegeEvents in the USSR
US intelligence requirements
The Mantell case
Top secret USAF analyses
Continuinous sightings at sensitive facilities
Document: Part of 3-page secret memorandum from Lieut-General N F Twining, telling 'The phenomenon reported is something real and not visionary or fictitious'
Document: 1950, 25 Sep: The order from Gen. Hoyt S. Vandenberg (then USAF Chief of Staff) to destroy copies of a Top Secret US Air Force Intelligence report which concluded that UFOs were interplanetary in origin
Document: 1948: A previously Top Secret US Air Forces Europe (USAFE) report from Swedish Air Intelligence Service, saying 'These phenomena are obviously the result of a high technical skill which cannot be credited to any presendy known culture on Earth'
Document: 1949: Part of a US Air Force Intelligence report relating to the multiple intrusions by unknown flying craft at the top-secret nuclear weapons laboratories at Los Alamos and Sandia, New Mexico
AztecDocument: A US Army Intelligence report relating to the crashed disc recovered near Aztec, New Mexico, in March 1948
PART TWO: 1950-9MAJICDocument: An extract from a previously Top Secret memorandum to the Controller of Telecommunications from Wilbert Smith, Senior Radio Engineer with the Canadian Government's Department of Transport, 21 November 1950
Document: Department of Transport, Canada: A Top Secret memorandum relating to the information acquired by Wilbert Smith from Dr Sarbacher
Document: The first page of a letter to researcher William Steinman from Dr Robert Sarbacher confirming the recovery of alien craft and bodies
Naval intelligenceKorea
Close encounter near Newfoundland
Giant usos near the iranian coast
Multiple craft observed near Hawaii
Document: An April 1952 report from a US Air Force Intelligence specialist UFO study group - AFOIN-X(SG) - to Air Technical Intelligence Center, relating to nine encounters with unknown objects reported by US Navy submarines to the Office of Naval Intelligence (ONI)
A sketch by by L. Schultz based on a report by a US Navy radar operator serving on an aircraft carrier near the Philippines in 1957. It depicts a cylindrical metal object 4000ft long 350 ft in diameter, located immediately above the carrier
Fighter commandThe flying saucer working party
Exercise mainbrace
Document: Minutes from meetings of Britain's 'Flying Saucer Working Party', from 1950 and 1951
UpsurgeUFO retaliation
General Marshall's revelations
Interceptions over Germany
Pandemonium in the Pentagon
Africa and Korea
Increasing US Air Force sightings
Document: A 1950 letter from Robert H. Blount, Chief, Medical Research Division, Office of the Surgeon General to Dr Robley D. Evans, Professor of Physics, MIT, relating to a crashed flying saucer in Mexico
Document: An FBI message relating to an 'immediate high alert for any data whatsoever concerning flying saucers', December 1950
Washington watershedThe 'merry-go-round'
Attempts to shoot down saucers
A sensational disclosure
Press: un unknown newspaper's article headed "'Scores' of Saucers Tracked by Radar", relating to the UFO sightings over Washington, DC, in July 1952
Document, CIA: Letter from Gen. W. B. Smith, Director of Central Intelligence to the Exec. Secr. of the National Security Council in 1952: 'Since 1947, approximately 2,000 official reports of sightings have been received and, of these, about 20% are as yet unexplaine'
Inimical forcesThe Durant report
The 4602nd Air Intelligence Service squadron
Further [aircraft] disappearances
The Great Lakes triangle
Further aerial events
Document: DoD: 26 Jan 1953: A letter from a US Air Force Press Officer replying to an inquiry by Keyhoe's publisher: ''We in the Air Force recognize Major Keyhoe as a responsible, accurate reporter... if the apparently controlled maneuvers reported by many competent observers are correct, then the only remaining explanation is the interplanetary one.'
Document: An affidavit signed by Arthur Stansel, hitherto known as 'Fritz Werner', witnessed by investigator Raymond E. Fowler, testifying to having assisted in the investigation of a crashed disc in the vicinity of Kingman, Arizona, in May 1953
Document: A page from Arthur Stansel's CV listing his employment details during the relevant period - including Aerospace Programs Manager with the Raytheon Company (Equipment Division)
Document: A hitherto Top Secret memorandum from the White House by R Cutler to General Nathan Twining in July 1953, which probably relates to a meeting of the MJ-12 group
Document: A memorandum for General Twining relating to a briefing of the MJ-12 group
Document, USAF: The first page from US Air Force Regulation No. 200-2, 12 August 1954
Document, USAF: A page from Project Blue Book Special Report No. 14 (5 May 1955). The highest number of 'unknown' sightings are in the categories of 'good' and 'excellent' reliability - at variance with the US Air Force's official position
Special powers'Take us to your leader'
Press: NY Times, 8 Oct 1953: General of the Army Douglas MacArthur's comments that 'because of the developments of science all the countries on Earth will have to unite to survive and to make a common front against attack by people from other planets'
'UFOs - serious business'A photo-reconnaissance coup
Aircraft vanishes during interception
Landings observed by military officers
USAF jets attempt to capture UFO
'UFO's serious business'
Press: Los Angeles Times, 9 May 1957, headed 'Cameras track Flying Object Over Desert'. Includes a sketch of the landed flying disk, made after the still and motion cameras by the crew of Gordon Cooper
Document, USAF, 1959: the USAF inspector general order begins: 'Unidentified Flying Objects - sometimes treated lightly by the press and referred to as "flying saucers" - must be rapidly and accurately identified as serious USAF business'
Document, USAF: A page from a chapter on 'Unidentified Flying Objects', which appeared in Introductory Space Science, Volume II, a textbook for cadets in use at the US Air Force Academy, Department of Physics, Colorado Springs, from 1968-1970. The chapter, by Major Donald G. Carpenter, contradicts official USAF policy
Global developmentsClose encounter on aircraft carrier
A tragic interception in Japan
Behind the iron curtain
PART THREE: 1960-2006BlackoutUSAF pilots' sightings revealed
Electrical interference
Sightings by X-15 rocket pilots
Alien contacts reported by USAF personnel
Japan and Indonesia
A demonstration of power
Crash-landing at Kecksburg
Press: NY Times, 28 Feb 1960: former CIA director R Hillenkoetter: 'Behind the scenes, high-ranking Air Force officers are soberly concerned about the UFOs, but through official secrecy and ridicule, many citizens are led to believe the UFOs are nonsense.'
Document: US congress, 31 Aug 1960: The urgent recommendations of the National Investigations Committee on Aerial Phenomena (NICAP) brought to the attention of the US Congress
A positive threatInternational collaboration
Document: A NASA information sheet (1 Feb 1978) perpetuating the myth that no government agency is engaged in UFO research
Document, NASA: Management instructions issued by Kurt Debus, director of Kennedy Space Center, mostly related to the processing of UFO reports
Document, NORAD/Citizens against UFO secrecy: Censored details from the records of NORAD's Unknown Track Reporting System, classified NORAD SECRET. 7,000 unknown objects were tracked from 1971-1999, but details remain secret in most cases
Document, USAF: Part of a USAF report by Major Chester A. Shaw regarding intrusions by UFOs at Minot AFB, North Dakota, in August 1966
Document, National Archives, Washington: The first page of a report by Project Blue Book on the sighting of UFOs at Minot AFB, North Dakota, in May 1968
Encounters at seaA USO in Vietnam
Giant UFO disrupts operations on us aircraft carrier
The disappearance of Sting-27
An international incident
South-west of Bermuda
Soviet naval intelligence
Document, National archives, Washington: General George S. Brown, Chief of Staff, US Air Force, admits that UFOs were observed during the Vietnam War
A global phenomenonAlgeria
Madagascar
Cuba
Saudi Arabia
Turkey
Thailand
Korea
Mexico
Germany
Iran
India
France
Bay of Biscay
Portugal
South Africa
Chile
China
Korea
Peru
Puerto Rico
Turkey
Document: An article from the US Air Force Security Service MIII Quarterly (MQ 3-78) about the UFOs encountered over the Tehran area by F-4 Phantom pilots of the Imperial Iranian Air Force on 19 September 1976
Document: The last page of the official transcript of communications between the 20-year-old Australian pilot, F Valentich, flying a Cessna 182L (VH-DSJ) over the Bass Strait, and Melbourne Flight Service Unit (FS), prior to his disappearance on 21 October 1978
Document: The UFO subject confirmed by the Spanish Joint Chiefs of Staff in 1979 as a 'classified matter'
Document: A US Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA) report on interceptions of a UFO by Sukhoi Su-22 jets of the Peruvian Air Force in May 1980
Document: An excerpt from the National Transportation Safety Board Accident File on the disappearance of two pilots, Jose L. Maldonado Torres and Jose A. Pagan Santos, together with their Ercoupe 415-D (N3808H), as they were returning to Puerto Rico after a flight from Santo Domingo in the Dominican Republic, on 28 June 1980
Intrusions at USAF basesAlien abduction
Low-level intrusions over ICBM bases
Pilots harassed
Major USAF-Europe events
Document, National Archives WDC: Part of an AFOSI complaint form relating to UFO intrusions at the Manzano nuclear weapons storage area in August-September 1980
Document, USAF: Lieut-Col Charles Halt's memorandum to the Ministry of Defence describing the events outside the two NATO bases of Bentwaters and Woodbridge, Suffolk in Dec 1980
Sketch by Mike Sacks based on a description by one of the witnesses to the craft that landed outside the twin USAF bases of Bentwaters and Woodbridge, Suffolk, in Dec 1980
Exempt from disclosureSatellites and UFO imagery intelligence
Project Snowbird
Condition Zebra
The National Security Agency
A US Naval/Air Force intelligence link
A top secret Ufo working group
The National Military Command Center
Top secret British research
Document: The US Department of Justice claim form filed by three witnesses who encountered an experimental, apparently nuclear-powered craft, which irradiated them near Huffman, Texas, on 29 December 1980
Document, NSA: Two pages from the 'above' Top Secret 21-page affidavit by the NSA (9 October 1980) giving reasons why certain information pertaining to UFO reports remains exempt from disclosure
Document, NMCC: A memorandum from the Pentagon's National Military Command Center reporting the observation of UFOs at Cannon AFB, New Mexico, in January 1976
Intrusions and incursions in the USSR'Institute 22'
Air Defence incidents
Intrusions at military bases
The landings at Voronezh
Official Soviet recognition - and a tragedy
Russian radar complex attacked
Reports by cosmonauts and Air Force pilots
Sketch of the disc-shaped object beaming a ray into the rocket-weapons depot on the night 28/29 July 1989, in the district of Kapustin Yar, Astrakhan
Document: The introduction to a previously secret KGB report on the event
Sketch of one of the aerial devices seen over Belgium by several thousand witnesses, including Belgian Air Force pilots, between 1989-1990
Sketch by investigator Nikolai Lebedev of the triangular craft that landed at a Russian radar complex near Kuybyshev/Samara on the night of 13 September 1990
Document: A Defense Intelligence Agency report on sightings and interceptions of UFOs by Soviet Air Force pilots in 1984
The Brazilian theatreThe Devil's Graveyard
A unique surgical procedure
Open skiesBriefings
5/6 November 1990
31 March 1993
Illegal aliens
The Phoenix lights
A journalist assaulted?
Poland
Defense airborne reconnaissance office
'Cat and mouse'
UFO chase near Washington, DC
Conflicting trafficCalifornia
Alaska
Paris
Manchester
China
Argentina
A Swiss airmiss
Chile
Dublin/Irish channel
Argentina and Mexico
UFO hovers over o'Hare international airport
Press: China daily, 27 Aug 1985: an article (in Chinese) concerning a scientific conference on UFOs held in Darlian during which some forty papers were presented
Document: Ministry of Defence [UK] instructions to air traffic controllers for the reporting of UFO sightings
Star warsSpecial access
Alien liaison
Star wars
Document: A letter, Dec 10 1992, to Karl T. Pflock, a former Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense, CIA officer and author of two books on the Roswell incident
Document: A minute from the UK MoD Head of Secretariat (Air Staff) to the Assistant Chief of the Air Staff (ACAS) regarding the conclusions on the events reported at RAF Shrewsbury on 31 March 1993
Appendix: PhotoPress: Headlines from Long Beach Press Telegram of 25 Feb 1942; photograph of searchlight beams - related to 5-hour air alarm over Los Angeles
Photo: A Thunderbolt P-47D similar to the type flown by Free French Air Force pilot Jean Kisling, when he attempted to shoot down a UFO above Mount Clemens Army Air Base near Detroit in July 1945
Photo: Jean Kisling at Oscoda (later Wurtsmith AFB), a sub-base for Mount Clemens, in 1944
Photo, USAF: C-46 aircraft, of the type that in Aug 1945 en route to Tokyo was closed by 3 unknown objects, causing the port engine to stall and the plane to lose altitude
Artwork depicting a Saab B18 of the Swedish RAF and one of the 'ghost rockets' it encountered on the morning of 14 August 1946
Photo, US Army: The first American-adapted V-2 at White Sands, New Mexico, shown during engine check-out
Press: Las Cruces Sun News, news report of the UFO interference encountered during the tests in May 1947
Photo: Dr Wernher von Braun, designer of the V-2 rocket and advisor to the US Army V-2 test firings at White Sands. He also examined the craft and alien bodies discovered near Roswell
Photo: Lieutenant Colonel Philip Corso (left), who stewarded the Roswell artefacts in a reverse-engineering project instigated by Lieutenant General Arthur Trudeau (right)
Photo: Congressman Steven Schiff, whose request to see official records pertaining to the Roswell incident revealed that they had been destroyed without proper authority
Photo: Jon 'Andy' Kissner, whose pioneering research reveals that attacks on the UFOs by the US military in the 1940s led to a worldwide wave of crashes of military and civilian aircraft
Photo: Roswell Army Air Field, home of the 509th Bombardment Group, the world's 1st unit equipped to carry nuclear weapons, where one or two alien craft plus bodies were first taken after crashes in New Mexico in July 1947
Photo: A B-25 Mitchell bomber, of the type used to fly some or all of the debris found by Mac Brazel to Fort Worth, Texas
Photo, USAF: Major General Clements McMullen, who ordered the containment strategy to cover up the Roswell incident
Photo, USAF: 1st Lieutenant Eileen M. Fanton, the nurse said to have attended the autopsy of one of the alien beings at Roswell Army Air Field
Artwork of arm, hand and skull by Glenn Davis, based on drawings by the nurse who attended one of the alien autopsies
Photo: P-51 Mustangs of the California Air National Guard, of the type Captain Thomas Mantell was flying when he was killed intercepting a UFO in January 1948
Document: Part of a US Air Force Intelligence summary referencing the incident, confirming Mantell's last radio message to Godman AFB control tower
Photo: Captain Thomas F. Mantell, who was killed while intercepting a UFO near Franklin, Kentucky, on 7 January 1948
Photo: Frederick C. Durant III, a Naval aviator, test pilot and instructor, who later became an expert on missiles, rockets and UFOs
Photo: General Hoyt Vandenberg, 2nd Director of Central Intelligence. When a Top Secret report concluded that UFOs were interplanetary, he ordered it to be burned
Photo: Wilbert B. Smith, who headed the Canadian Government's first Top Secret investigations into UFOs
Photo: Royal Air Force Flight-Lieutenant Stan Hubbard, who observed a disc of about 100 feet in diameter over the experimental aircraft test centre at Farnborough, Hampshire, in August 1950
Photo: One of 4 UFO photographs taken through a telescope by George Adamski in California, 5 March 1951, showing a 'mothership' releasing smaller 'scout' craft
Photo: UFO photographed by a US Marine Air Group pilot over the northeast China Sea during the Korean War
Photo: Leroy Gordon Cooper, the pilot, pioneer astronaut and UFO researcher. In Germany in 1951, Cooper was scrambled on several occasions to intercept flying discs
Photo: Captain Edward J. Ruppelt, the intelligence officer who was the first head of the US Air Force's Project Blue Book
Photo: Major Donald E. Keyhoe, former US Marine Corps pilot and first exposer of the UFO cover-up, longtime head of NICAP
Press: Wahisngton Post lead story heading: "'Saucer' outran jets, pilot reveals"
Photo: Pilots and radar navigators outside their F-94B Starfire interceptors at Newcastle AFB, Delaware, at the time of the UFO air alerts above Washington, DC, July 1952
Photo: An F9F Panther jet of the type flown by Marine 1st Lieutenant Eddy P. Balocco when he was scrambled to intercept a UFO in February 1953 near Edenton, North Carolina
Photo: Two F-102 Delta Dagger jets, like those scrambled to intercept a stationary object in the sky over California in 1961. The crew calculated its sudden departure at nearly 36 000 mph
Photo: a Lockheed F-94C Starfir, the aircraft type which was scrambled to intercept an unknown target at Otis AFB, Massachusetts in June 1953. Shortly after take-off the power failed. The pilot ejected safely, without the radar operator, who, along with the aircraft, was never found
Photo: Convair B-36 Peacemaker aircraft, capable of carrying nuclear weapons, had several encounters with UFOs, including late 1956 over the N/S Dakota border, when all 17+5 crew members saw a 100ft craft with a dome and what appeared to be portholes or lights
Photo, National Archives, WDC: A radarscope photograph of UFOs off Bermuda, taken from a US Air Force plane on 3 July 1954
Photo: Photo of a disc UFO taken in 1963 by the co-pilot of an AVENSA Airlines DC-4 between Barcelona and Maiquetia in Venezuela
Photo: Air Force One (Boeing VC-137C), on which Pr. J F Kennedy was alledgedely taken to view deceased alien bodies at a USAF base in Florida
Photo: An Atlas-F intercontinental ballistic missile. In Sep 1964, an Atlas with a dummy nuclear warhead test-fired from Vandenberg AFB, California, was approached by a classic disc-shaped craft which fired flashes of light at it. The warhead malfunctioned and tumbled out of sub-orbit. The event - confirmed by several military personnel - was recorded on 35mm movie film through a high-powered telescope
Photo: UFO, a frame from 8 mm colour movie film taken by George Adamski in the presence of Madeleine Rodeffer and other witnesses at Silver Spring, Maryland in Feb 1965
Sketch of the object which crash-landed near the village of Kecksburg, Pennsylvania, in December 1965
Photo: The USS John F. Kennedy (CV-67). In June/July 1971 a massive, glowing, spherical UFO appeared over the carrier, disrupting communications and electrical systems
Photo: James M. Kopf, one of the witnesses, a communications specialist holding Top Secret Crypto clearance at the time
Photo: The USS Leary DD-879, which had an encounter with an unidentified submarine object during the Vietnam War
Photo: The Dassault Mirage IVA, France's supersonic bomber capable of carrying a 60-kiloton nuclear weapon. In March 1977, Colonel Rene Giraud and his navigator encountered a huge UFO, 'at least as big as a Boeing 747', while flying a Mirage IVA over Chaumont
Photo: The British Vulcan bomber, designed to carry nuclear weapons. In May 1977, the crew of this Vulcan reported a UFO over the Bay of Biscay
Photo: the UFO which had nearly collided head-on with a Cessna 337 Super Skymaster over the Mojave DesertA photograph in September 1985
Photo: Yuri Andropov, former Soviet president and head of the KGB. In 1977/78 he instigated a top-secret ten-year UFO research programme involving four million military officers
Photo/sketch: A Japan Airlines Boeing 747-400 cargo jet, and a drawing of the object seen from one of these aircraft over Alaska in November 1986. The jumbo jet, shown on the right, was dwarfed by the craft
Photo: In July 1976, two Indian Air Force MiG-21s, such as this, witnessed a disc-shaped object on the Pakistan border, which flew away at an estimated 2 600 mph
Photo: An F-4 Phantom jet, frequently involved in UFO interceptions, such as those in Germany and Iran in 1976
Photo: A Chinese Shenyang JJ-6, like the one scrambled to intercept a UFO near Changzhou City in October 1998. The UFO repeatedly played 'cat and mouse' with the jet. Permission to fire at the object was denied (Chinese Air Force)
Photo: On 4 January 2004, this Boeing 737-448 of Aer Lingus was allegedly harrassed by a triangular-shaped craft prior to landing at Dublin Airport
Photo: John Podesta, formerly President Clinton's Chief of Staff. 'It's time to open the books...on the question of government investigations of UFO's,' he said in 2002. We ought to do it because the American people, quite frankly, can handle the truth; and we ought to do it because it's the law.'
Photo: Canadian Minister of Defence Paul Hellyer, right, in 2005 told: 'UFOs are as real as the airplanes that fly over your head. The secrecy involved in all matters pertaining to the Roswell incident was unparalleled...so the vast majority of US officials [and] politicians...were never in the loop.'
EBook format comment: was taken the .pdf file digitized by Internet Archive in 2012 and: text parsed anew with FR11; added the interactive bookmarks for all levels; the pages with photographs without page numbers (between pages 132/133 and 308/309) has been moved to the book end; for ALL supplemented documents the parsed (by Fine Reader 11) text has been read and manually corrected /typed anew (since there was a lot of parsing errors due to low quality of historical documents' images).