Sadjadi S. Organic Nanoreactors: From Molecular to Supramolecular Organic Compounds

Elsevier Inc., 2016. — 569 p.
Organic Nanoreactors: From Molecular to Supramolecular Organic Compounds provides a unique overview of synthetic, porous organic compounds containing a cavity which can encapsulate one or more guest(s). Confined space within a nanoreactor can isolate the guest(s) from the bulk and effectively influence the reaction inside the nanoreactor. Naturally occurring enzymes are compelling catalysts for selective reactions as their three-dimensional structures build up clefts, caves, or niches in which the active site is located. Additionally, reactive sites carrying special functional groups allow only specific reagents to react in a particular way, to lead to specific enantiomers as products. Equipped with suitable functional groups, then, nanoreactors form a new class of biomimetic compounds, which have multiple important applications in the synthesis of nanomaterials, catalysis, enzyme immobilization, enzyme therapy, and more. This book addresses various synthetic, organic nanoreactors, updating the previous decade of research and examining recent advances in the topic for the first comprehensive overview of this exciting group of compounds, and their practical applications. Bringing in the Editor s experience in both academic research and industrial applications, Organic Nanoreactors focuses on the properties and applications of well-known as well as little-examined nanoreactor compounds and materials and includes brief overviews of synthetic routes and characterization methods.
Focuses on organic nanoreactor compounds for greater depthCovers the molecular, supramolecular, and macromolecular perspectivesCompiles previous and current sources from this growing field in one unique referenceProvides brief overviews of synthetic routes and characterization methodsIntroduction to Nanoreactors
Approaches to artificial enzymes
Nanoreactors
Nanoreactor potential applications
Conclusions
Cyclodextrins as Porous Material for Catalysis
Cyclodextrins: a brief overview
CD-based polymers as mass-transfer promoters
Imprinted CD-based polymers for catalysis
CD-based nanosponges
Conclusions
The Use of Cucurbit[n]urils as Organic NanoreactorsPhysical properties of cucurbit[n]urils
Host properties of cucurbit[n]urils
Effects of cucurbit[n]uril hosts on guest physical and structural properties
Effects of Cucurbit[n]urils on guest reactivity and chemical properties
Conclusions
Systems Based on Calixarenes as the Basis for the Creation of Catalysts and NanocontainersSynthesis and structure of calixarenes
Macromolecular catalysts based on macrocyclic receptors
Supramolecular catalysis by calixarenes
Supramolecular catalysis by metal complexes based on calixarenes
Supramolecular systems for controlled binding/isolation of organic molecules and biosubstrates
ConclusionsCarbon Nanotube Nanoreactors for Chemical TransformationsConfinement effects inside carbon nanotubes
Characterization of confined species in carbon nanotubes
Synthesis of confined metal nanoparticles in carbon nanotubes
Chemical transformations inside carbon nanotubesDendrimers as Nanoreactors
Introduction to dendrimers
Nanoreactors
Dendrimers as nanoreactors
Dendritic hosts
Dendritic nanoreactor effects on guest(s)
Dendritic nanoreactors as templating and stabilizing agent
Dendritic nanoreactor in catalysis
Dendritic nanoreactor in energy sector
Conclusions
Catalysis Within the Self-Assembled Resorcin[4]arene Hexamer
Catalysis within cavities
Hexameric capsule as an inhibitor
Hexameric capsule as a supramolecular nanoreactor
Hexameric capsule as a catalyst
Conclusions and future perspectives
The Varied Supramolecular Chemistry of Pyrogallol[4]arenesPyrogallol[4]arene capsules
Pyrogallol[4]arene capsule–membrane interactions
Pyrogallol[4]arene membrane aggregation—planar bilayer studies
Pyrogallol[4]arene membrane aggregation—Langmuir trough studies
A MONC-based ion conducting channel
Solid-state structures of linear and branched pyrogallol[4]arenes
Pyrogallol[4]arene-based nanotubes
Tetra-3-pentylpyrogallol[4]arene-mediated ion transport
ConclusionsSupramolecular Coordination Cages as NanoreactorsM4L6 tetrahedral self-assembled capsules
Self-assembled capsules with two-dimensional ligands
Giant self-assembled MnL2n spherical complexes
Miscellaneous Coordination Cages
Conclusions
Metal Organic Frameworks as Nanoreactors and Host Matrices for EncapsulationVirtues and limitations of MOFs as host matrices and nanoreactors
MOFs as nanoreactors
MOFs as host matrices for encapsulation
Conclusions and perspectivesBionanoreactors: From Confined Reaction Spaces to Artificial OrganellesPolymers as building blocks for nanoreactors
D polymer supramolecular assemblies
Applications of nanoreactors
Conclusions
Supercritical Fluids in Nanoreactor Technology
Abbreviations
The critical point and supercritical fluids
Microemulsions
Nanotubes
ConclusionsPyrene: The Guest of HonorTechniques used to study host–pyrene interactions in solution
Pyrene and organic supramolecular hosts
Pyrene and nanoscale hosts
Conclusions and closing remarksNanoreactors Based on Porphyrin-Functionalized Carbon Compounds
AbbreviationsConclusions
Therapeutic Nanoreactors: Toward a Better Blood Substitute
Nanoreactors in biology and medicine
Need for blood substitutes
Blood substitute materials
Designing a better blood substitute
Retrievable nanoreactor blood substitutes
Performance of retrievable nanoreactor blood substitutes