Harrison L.T. Current Sources and Voltage References: A Design Reference for Electronics Engineers

Boston: Newnes, 2005. — 608 p. — ISBN: 978-0750677523.A new view on circuit power fundamentals; designers can avoid reinventing the wheel with this book full of adaptable design examples and hints for optimal performance.
Current Sources and Voltage References provides fixed, well-regulated levels of current or voltage within a circuit. These are two of the most important “building blocks “ of analog circuits, and are typically used in creating most analog IC designs.
Part 1 shows the reader how current sources are created, how they can be optimized, and how they can be utilized by the OEM circuit designer. The book serves as a “must-have” reference for the successful development of precision circuit applications. It shows practical examples using either BJTs, FETs, precision op amps, or even matched CMOS arrays being used to create highly accurate current source designs, ranging from nanoAmps to Amps. In each chapter the most important characteristics of the particular semiconductor type being studied are carefully reviewed. This not only serves as a helpful refresher for experienced engineers, but also as a good foundation for all EE student coursework, and includes device models and relevant equations.
Part 2 focuses on semiconductor voltage references, from their design to their various practical enhancements. It ranges from the simple Zener diode to today’s most advanced topologies, including Analog Devices’ XFET and Intersil’s FGA (invented while this book was being written). Over 300 applications and circuit diagrams are shown throughout this easy-to-read, practical reference book.
Discusses how to design low-noise, precision current sources using matched transistor pairs.
Explains the design of high power current sources with power MOSFETs
Gives proven techniques to reduce drift and improve accuracy in voltage references.List of Figures and Photos.
List of Tables.
Acknowledgements.

A Short History of References.The first JFETs and op amps.
The first bandgaps.
The buried-zener debuts.
Advancements in technology.
Other topologies emerge.An Introduction to Current Sources.
An overview.
Precision resistors, networks, and trimmers.
Essential development equipment.The P-N Junction.
Characteristics of the P-N junction.Using BJTs to Create Current Sources.
Characteristics of the BJT.
Using the BJT as a current source.
Widlar current sources.
Wilson current mirrors.
Wyatt current source.
Multiple current mirrors.
Cascode current mirrors.
Current scaling.
Modified current sources and example applications.Using Precision Matched-Pairs, Duals, and Quads.
Precision BJT matched-pairs.
Quality dual transistors.Using JFETs and CRDs to Create Current Sources.
The JFET paved the way.
Characteristics of the JFET.
Using the JFET as a current source.
The JFET cascode current source.
JFET current regulator diodes.
Using JFETs to create ultra-low-leakage diodes.Creating Medium-Power Current Sources with DMOS FETs.
Depletion-mode DMOS FETs.
The importance of silicon-gate.
Characteristics of depletion-mode DMOS FETs.
Depletion-mode DMOS current sources.
The cascode DMOS current source.
The JFET-DMOS cascode current source.
Lateral depletion-mode DMOS FETs.Creating Current Sources with Power MOSFETs.
Characteristics of enhancement-mode MOSFETs.
Using the enhancement-mode MOSFET as a current source.
Using “smart” power MOSFETS.
IXYS power MOS current sources.
Lateral enhancement-mode MOSFETs.Using Analog CMOS Arrays to Create Current Sources.
RCA pioneered CMOS.
Characteristics of CMOS FETs.
Using CMOS linear arrays to create current sources.
Using ALD’s programmable EPADs to create precision current sources.
ALD breaks the gate-threshold barrier.Using Monolithic IC Current Sources and Mirrors.
National’s LM134—a monolithic IC current source.
Current source applications for the LM.
Using the LM134 as a temperature sensor.
Tl/Burr-Brown’s REF-200 monolithic current source.Creating Precision Current Sources with Op Amps and Voltage References.
How op amps evolved.
Some op amp characteristics.
Op amp supply bypassing and input protection.
Creating current sources with op amps.
Creating precision current regulators with op amps.An Introduction to Voltage References.
Introduction and history.
Understanding voltage reference specifications.
Enhancing the voltage reference design.
Unused terminals on the package.
Package types.
PCB layout.
Why not do it yourself?
Comparing precision.The zener Diode and the TC zener Reference.Characteristics of the zener diode.
Some simple zener applications.
Temperature-compensated zeners.Characteristics of Monolithic Voltage References.
Bandgap voltage references.
Buried-zener voltage references.
The XFET voltage reference.
The Intersil/Xicor FGA voltage reference.
Low-voltage considerations.
Comparing the different topologies.A Review of Some Outstanding Monolithic Voltage References and Their Applications.
Applying the bandgap shunt reference.
Applying fixed-series bandgap references.
Applying adjustable-series bandgaps.
Using the Analog Devices’ XFET reference.
Applying buried-zener references.
Applying the Intersil/Xicor FGA X.
Multiple voltage references and multiple loads Digitally selectable 5-reference calibrator Same voltage to multiple loads.
Monolithic voltage references—a look to the future.References and Tables.Bibliography.
Contact Information.