Gerald Michael C. The Biology Book From the Origin of Life to Epigenics, 250 Milestones in the History of Biology

Sterling, 2015. — 528 р. — (Sterling Milestones). — ISBN: 978-1454915331, 1454915331.From the emergence of life, to Leewenhoek's microscopic world, to GMO crops, The Biology Book presents 250 landmarks in the most widely studied scientific field. Brief, engaging, and colorfully illustrated synopses introduce readers to every major subdiscipline, including cell theory, genetics, evolution, physiology, thermodynamics, molecular biology, and ecology. With information on such varied topics as paleontology, pheromones, nature vs. nurture, DNA fingerprinting, bioenergetics, and so much more, this lively collection will engage everyone who studies and appreciates the life sciences.This beautifully illustrated book covers four billion years of biology history, from the origins of life to the discovery of Denisovan DNA and is arranged chronologically in 250 chapters. For each entry, Gerald (pharmacy, Univ. of Connecticut; The Drug Book) has written several paragraphs describing the historical event, discovery, or individual, including a brief discussion of how the past relates to our current world. Topics represent the entire range of biological knowledge, from genetics to brain science to mummification. Chapters are cross-referenced to related chapters and each is accompanied by a full-page illustration...The concise summaries, written for the layperson, make this work appealing for readers with little to no background in science. VERDICT Well suited to reference collections in secondary schools; also an optimal pick for general readers with an interest in biology or the history of science. — Library Journal.Introduction.
Acknowledgments.
c. 4 Billion BCE: Origin of Life.
c. 3.9 Billion BCE: Last Universal Common Ancestor.
c. 3.9 Billion BCE: Prokaryotes.
c. 2.5 Billion BCE: Algae.
c. 2 Billion BCE: Eukaryotes.
c. 1.4 Billion BCE: Fungi.
c. 570 Million BCE: Arthropods.
c. 530 Million BCE: Medulla: The Vital Brain.
c. 530 Million BCE: Fish.
c. 450 Million BCE: Land Plants.
c. 417 Million BCE: Devonian Period.
c. 400 Million BCE: Insects.
c. 400 Million BCE: Plant Defenses against Herbivores.
c. 360 Million BCE: Amphibians.
c. 350 Million BCE: Seeds of Success.
c. 320 Million BCE: Reptiles.
c. 300 Million BCE: Gymnosperms.
c. 230 Million BCE: Dinosaurs.
c. 200 Million BCE: Mammals.
c. 150 Million BCE: Birds.
c. 125 Million BCE: Angiosperms.
c. 65 Million BCE: Primates.
c. 55 Million BCE: Amazon Rainforest.
c. 350,000 BCE: Neanderthals.
c. 200,000 BCE: Anatomically Modern Humans.
c. 60,000 BCE: Plant-Derived Medicines.
c. 11,000 BCE: Wheat: The Staff of Life.
c. 10,000 BCE: Agriculture.
c. 10,000 BCE: Domestication of Animals.
c. 8000 BCE: Coral Reefs.
c. 7000 BCE: Rice Cultivation.
c. 2600 BCE: Mummification.
c. 2350 BCE: Animal Navigation.
c. 400 BCE: Four Humors.
c. 330 BCE: Aristotle’s The History of Animals.
c. 330 BCE: Animal Migration.
c. 320 BCE: Botany.
77: Pliny’s Natural History.
c. 180: Skeletal System.
1242: Pulmonary Circulation.
1489: Leonardo’s Human Anatomy.
1521: Sense of Hearing.
1543: Vesalius’s De humani corporis fabrica.
1611: Tobacco.
1614: Metabolism.
1620: Scientific Method.
1628: Harvey’s De motu cordis.
1637: Mechanical Philosophy of Descartes.
1651: Placenta.
1652: Lymphatic System.
1658: Blood Cells.
1668: Refuting Spontaneous Generation.
1669: Phosphorus Cycle.
1670: Ergotism and Witchcraft.
1674: Leeuwenhoek’s Microscopic World.
1677: Spermatozoa.
1717: Miasma Theory.
1729: Circadian Rhythms.
1733: Blood Pressure.
1735: Linnaean Classification of Species.
c. 1741: Cerebrospinal Fluid.
1744: Regeneration.
1759: Theories of Germination.
1760: Artificial Selection (Selective Breeding).
1786: Animal Electricity.
1789: Gas Exchange.
1791: Nervous System Communication.
1796: Paleontology.
1798: Population Growth and Food Supply.
1809: Lamarckian Inheritance.
1828: Germ-Layer Theory of Development.
1831: Cell Nucleus.
1831: Darwin and the Voyages of the Beagle.
1832: Anatomy Act of 1832.
1833: Human Digestion.
1836: Fossil Record and Evolution.
1837: Nitrogen Cycle and Plant Chemistry.
1838: Cell Theory.
1840: Plant Nutrition.
1842: Urine Formation.
1842: Apoptosis (Programmed Cell Death).
1843: Venoms.
1843: Homology versus Analogy.
1845: Photosynthesis.
1848: Optical Isomers.
1849: Testosterone.
1850: Trichromatic Color Vision.
1854: Homeostasis.
1856: The Liver and Glucose Metabolism.
1857: Microbial Fermentation.
1859: Darwin’s Theory of Natural Selection.
1859: Ecological Interactions.
1859: Invasive Species.
1861: Localization of Cerebral Function.
1862: Biological Mimicry.
1866: Mendelian Inheritance.
1866: Ontogeny Recapitulates Phylogeny.
1866: Hemoglobin and Hemocyanin.
1869: Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA).
1871: Sexual Selection.
1873: Coevolution.
1874: Nature versus Nurture.
1875: Biosphere.
1876: Meiosis.
1876: Biogeography.
1877: Marine Biology.
1878: Enzymes.
1880: Phototropism.
1882: Mitosis.
c. 1882: Thermoreception.
1882: Innate Immunity.
1883: Germ Plasm Theory of Heredity.
1883: Eugenics.
1884: Gram Stain.
1885: Negative Feedback.
1890: Germ Theory of Disease.
1890: Animal Coloration.
1891: Neuron Doctrine.
1892: Endotoxins.
1896: Global Warming.
1897: Adaptive Immunity.
1897: Associative Learning.
1897: Ehrlich’s Side-Chain Theory.
1898: Malaria-Causing Protozoan Parasite.
1898: Viruses.
1899: Ecological Succession.
1899: Animal Locomotion.
1900: Genetics Rediscovered.
1900: Ovaries and Female Reproduction.
1901: Blood Types.
1902: Tissue Culture.
1902: Secretin: The First Hormone.
1904: Dendrochronology.
1905: Blood Clotting.
1907: Radiometric Dating.
1907: Probiotics.
1907: Why Does the Heart Beat?
1908: Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium.
1910: Genes on Chromosomes.
1911: Cancer-Causing Viruses.
1912: Continental Drift.
1912: Vitamins and Beriberi.
1912: Thyroid Gland and Metamorphosis.
1912: X-Ray Crystallography.
1917: Bacteriophages.
1919: Biotechnology.
1920: Neurotransmitters.
1921: Insulin.
1923: Inborn Errors of Metabolism.
1924: Embryonic Induction.
1924: Timing Fertility.
1925: Mitochondria and Cellular Respiration.
1925: “The Monkey Trial”.
1925: Population Ecology.
1927: Food Webs.
1927: Insect Dance Language.
1928: Antibiotics.
1929: Progesterone.
1930: Osmoregulation in Freshwater and Marine Fish.
1931: Electron Microscope.
1935: Imprinting.
1935: Factors Affecting Population Growth.
1936: Stress.
1936: Allometry.
1937: Evolutionary Genetics.
1938: Coelacanth: “The Living Fossil”.
1939: Action Potential.
1941: One Gene-One Enzyme Hypothesis.
1942: Biological Species Concept and Reproductive Isolation.
1943: Arabidopsis: A Model Plant.
1944: DNA as Carrier of Genetic Information.
1945: Green Revolution.
1946: Bacterial Genetics.
1949: Reticular Activating System.
1950: Phylogenetic Systematics.
1951: The Immortal HeLa Cells.
1952: Cloning (Nuclear Transfer).
1952: Amino Acid Sequence of Insulin.
1952: Pattern Formations in Nature.
1952: Plasmids.
1952: Nerve Growth Factor.
1953: Miller-Urey Experiment.
1953: The Double Helix.
1953: REM Sleep.
1953: Acquired Immunological Tolerance and Organ Transplantation.
1954: Sliding Filament Theory of Muscle Contraction.
1955: Ribosomes.
1955: Lysosomes.
1956: Prenatal Genetic Testing.
1956: DNA Polymerase.
1956: Second Messengers.
1957: Protein Structures and Folding.
1957: Bioenergetics.
1958: Central Dogma of Molecular Biology.
1958: Bionics and Cyborgs.
1959: Pheromones.
1960: Energy Balance.
1960: Chimpanzee Use of Tools.
1961: Cellular Senescence.
1961: Cracking the Genetic Code for Protein Biosynthesis.
1961: Operon Model of Gene Regulation.
1962: Thrifty Gene Hypothesis.
1962: Silent Spring.
1963: Hybrids and Hybrid Zones.
1964: Brain Lateralization.
1964: Animal Altruism.
1966: Optimal Foraging Theory.
1967: Bacterial Resistance to Antibiotics.
1967: Endosymbiont Theory.
1968: Multi-Store Model of Memory.
1968: Hypothalamic-Pituitary Axis.
1968: Systems Biology.
1969: Cellular Determination.
1970: Cell Cycle Checkpoints.
1972: Punctuated Equilibrium.
1972: Sustainable Development.
1972: Parental Investment and Sexual Selection.
1974: Lucy.
1974: Cholesterol Metabolism.
1974: Sense of Taste.
1975: Monoclonal Antibodies.
1975: Sociobiology.
1976: Cancer-Causing Genes.
1977: Bioinformatics.
1978: In Vitro Fertilization (IVF).
1979: Biological Magnification.
1980: Can Living Organisms Be Patented?
1982: Genetically Modified Crops.
1983: HIV and AIDS.
1983: Polymerase Chain Reaction.
1984: DNA Fingerprinting.
1986: Genomics.
1987: Mitochondrial Eve.
1987: Depletion of the Ozone Layer.
1990: Domains of Life.
1991: Sense of Smell.
1994: Leptin: The Thinness Hormone.
2000: Skin Color.
2003: Human Genome Project.
2005: Protist Taxonomy.
2006: Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells.
2009: Viral Mutations and Pandemics.
2010: Deepwater Horizon (BP) Oil Spill.
2011: Translational Biomedical Research.
2011: Albumin From Rice.
2012: Human Microbiome Project.
2012: Epigenetics.
2013: American Chestnut Tree Blight.
2013: De-Extinction.
2013: Oldest DNA and Human Evolution.
Notes and Further Reading.
Photo Credits.