Donabedian M. (Ed.) Spacecraft Thermal Control Handbook. Volume 2: Cryogenics

2nd edition. — American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA), Reston, Virginia, 2003, 641 p. — ISBN: 1-884989-14-4.The number of satellite systems that require some form of cryogenic cooling has grown enormously during the last 10 years. The first edition of this handbook, published in 1994, contained one chapter on cryogenic systems; that chapter included about 38 pages. As of this writing, in 2002, the last survey made by The Aerospace Corporation on cryocoolers included nearly 200 pages. With so many engineers, scientists, and technicians working on cryogenic systems for the first time in their careers, the need for a single resource that touched on all the technologies relevant to cryogenics was apparent. When The Aerospace Press decided to revise the Handbook and expand the cryogenics section, it quickly became clear that only an entire separate book could adequately cover the subject.Thus, this book was conceived. The purpose of the book is to provide useful information to novices as well as to experienced engineers, scientists, and techniciansmto help all of them in the design, analysis, integration, testing, and operation of a variety of instruments, sensors, and other devices that must be cooled to cryogenic temperatures. To properly address the necessary topics, industry experts were asked to write or contribute to chapters coveting their expertise. The following brief descriptions of the chapters and their contents convey the impressive scope of the material in this volume.Cryogenic Systems Overview

Stored Expendable Cooling Systems
Cryogenic Fluid Storage
Stored Solid Cryogen Systems
Open-Cycle Joule-Thomson CoolersCryogenic Radiators and Radiant Coolers
Radiant Coolers
Cryogenic Radiator Designs and Comparative PerformanceCryocoolers (Mechanical Refrigerators)
Cryocooler Overview
Regenerative Systems: Stirling and Pulse Tube Cryocoolers
Turbo-Brayton Cryocoolers
Closed-Cycle Joule-Thomson Cryocoolers
Cryocooler Performance Characterization
Cryocooler Reliability and Redundancy Considerations
Cryocooler Integration ConsiderationsCryogenic Components, Transport, Storage, and Integration
Flexible Conductive Links
Cryogenic Thermal Switches
Cryogenic Heat Transport Devices
Cryogenic Thermal Storage Units
Cryogenic System Integration DevicesThermal Margins, Risk, and Lessons Learned
Thermal Control Margins, Risk Estimation, and Lessons LearnedThermal Modeling, Analysis, and Testing
Cryogenic Systems Analysis
Cryocooler Endurance TestingMaterial Properties
Thermophysical Properties of Selected Materials
Emittance of Selected Materials at Cryogenic Temperatures